Specific immunity

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The white blood cells involved in the specific immune response

Lymphocytes

Structure on a lymphocyte that is specific for one antigen.

Membrane receptor

Event which leads to repeated lymphocyte division resulting in the formation of a clonal population of identical lymphocytes.

Secondary exposure

Molecules (often protein) located on the surface of cells that trigger a specific immune response

Antigen

Two types of lymphocytes.

B-lymphocytes

T-lymphocytes

Type of lymphocytes which produce antibodies against antigens.

B-lymphocytes

Y-shaped proteins that have receptor binding sites specific to a particular antigen on a pathogen.

Antibodies

Fate of an antigen-antibody complex

Phagocyte engulfs pathogen

Term for a hypersensitive response to antigens on substances that are harmless to the body.

Allergy

An example of a substance harmless to the body that can trigger a hypersensitive response.

Pollen

Lymphocytes that destroy infected body cells.

T-lymphocytes

Programmed cell death.

Apoptosis

Process which removes the remains of the cell after apoptosis.

Phagocytosis

Effect of the failure of the regulation of the immune system.

T-lymphocytes responding to self antigens and attacking the body’s own cells

Term given to the T lymphocytes attacking the body’s own cells.

Autoimmune disease

Two diseases resulting from autoimmunity.

Type 1 Diabetes

Rheumatoid arthritis

What are a group of the cloned B and T lymphocytes called

A clonal population

Term given to some of the cloned B and T-lymphocytes which survive long-term.

Memory cells

Response of the memory cells when a secondary exposure to the same antigen occurs.

Memory cells rapidly give rise to a new clone of specific lymphocytes. These destroy the invading pathogens before the individual shows symptoms.

Two effects of the secondary response on antibody production.

Greater and more rapid

When are memory cells formed

Primary exposure

Example of virus which attacks and destroys T-lymphocytes.

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

Effects of HIV on the immune system.

Depletion of T-lymphocytes which leads to the development of AIDS

Two effects of AIDS on individuals.

Weakened immune system

More vulnerable to opportunistic infections

What does AIDS stand for?

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

response to an antigen binding to the specific receptors on a lymphocyte

Repeated lymphocyte division forming a clonal population of identical lymphocytes