Health Ass #3

What are the functions of the musculoskeletal system?

Provide support, facilitate movement, encase/protect vital organs, produce RBCs in bone marrow, store essential minerals.

What is the normal shape of the spine when viewed laterally?

The spine has four curves forming a double-S shape: cervical and lumbar curves are concave, thoracic and sacrococcygeal curves are convex.

What is scoliosis?

An abnormal lateral curve of the spine forming an S-shape.

How is muscle strength assessed?

Test strength of prime mover muscle groups, asking the person to flex and hold the position against an opposing force.

What is active range of motion (ROM)?

Voluntary movements performed by the patient with proximal stabilization by the examiner.

What is the purpose of the McMurray's Test?

To assess for the presence of a meniscal tear in the knee.

What does the Phalen Test assess?

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; positive result shows numbness and burning with wrist flexion.

What are the symptoms of joint problems?

Pain, stiffness, swelling, heat, redness, and limitation of movement.

What is the primary function of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

Carries sensory messages to the CNS and delivers motor messages from the CNS to muscles and glands.

What tests assess cranial nerve function?

Tests for each of the 12 cranial nerves assess sensory and motor functions as well as reflexes.

What does PERRLA stand for?

Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light and Accommodation.

What are the common signs of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?

Swelling, pain, and signs of metabolic waste buildup.

What is the difference between an Arterial ulcer and a Venous ulcer?

Arterial ulcers are round and located on toes/feet, while Venous ulcers are irregular and located on shins/calves.

What is the recommended scoring for Deep Tendon Reflexes?

Reflex responses are graded on a 4-point scale from 0 (no response) to 4 (very brisk, hyperactive with clonus).

Describe the main developmental differences in the musculoskeletal system of infants and older adults.

Infants have developing skeletons and common lordosis; older adults show a risk for osteoporosis and postural changes.

What are the risk factors for peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?

Smoking, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, obesity, immobilization, heart failure.

What happens to lymph nodes in infants compared to older adults?

Lymph nodes in infants are larger and more palpable; older adults have fewer and smaller lymph nodes.