BIO120-404 Anatomy & Physiology Chap 9 Muscle Metabolism Diagram
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15 Terms
what are the three ways for muscle fibers to make ATP?
1. creatine phosphate
2. anaerobic respiration (glycolysis)
3. aerobic respiration
creatine phosphate
high energy molecule that is stored in muscles; lasts for 15 seconds, ex: quick burst of energy
anaerobic respiration (glycolysis)
series of reactions that do not require oxygen and that begin the breakdown of glucose molecules within muscle fibers; lasts for 45 seconds, ex: longer sprint
aerobic respiration
series of reactions that require oxygen (comes from hemoglobin and myoglobin) and that breakdown glucose molecules in the mitochondria of a muscle fiber; lasts for hours and hours, ex: long distance run
muscle fatigue
state when muscles are physiologically unable to contract
what are the factors that contribute to fatigue?
decrease in Ca2+ released from SR, increased inorganic phosphate levels, depletion of nutrients, decreased ATP
what are the types of skeletal muscle fibers?
slow oxidative, fast oxidative glycolytic, fast glycolytic
slow oxidative metabolic characteristics
speed of contraction: slow
method of making ATP: aerobic respiration
myoglobin content: high
rate of fatigue: slow
fast oxidative glycolytic metabolic characteristics
speed of contraction: fast
method of making ATP: anaerobic respiration
myoglobin content: medium
rate of fatigue: between the two
fast glycolytic metabolic characteristics
speed of contraction: fast
method of making ATP: glycolysis
myoglobin content: low
rate of fatigue: fast
slow oxidative structural characteristics
fiber diameter: small
color (myoglobin content): dark red
mitochondria: a lot
capillaries: a lot
fast oxidative glycolytic structural characteristics
fiber diameter: medium
color: light red, pink
mitochondria: medium amount
capillaries: medium amount
fast glycolytic structural characteristics
fiber diameter: large
color: white
mitochondria: a few
capillaries: less
aerobic (endurance) exercise leads to several changes in skeletal muscles
increase in capillaries, mitochondria, myoglobin
high intensity resistance exercise leads to muscle hypertrophy
weight lifting, muscles grow