Strep pg 7-12 200 QS

Late 3rd trimester

Recommended timing by the CDC to screen pregnant women for asymptomatic GBS bacteriuria

GBS positive anytime during pregnancy

Indication for prophylactic antimicrobial therapy during delivery regarding GBS urine culture

$$\ge 10^4/\text{mL}$$

Significant colony count threshold for GBS to be identified and reported to primary care provider

Early-onset GBS infection

Primary infection type targeted for reduction by GBS screening

Late-onset infections

GBS infection timeline type not significantly affected by screening

Group C

Main bacterial group serving as the primary source of streptokinase

Streptokinase

Enzyme that acts by dissolving the fibrin clot

Streptococcus equi

Group C organism causing strangles in horses

Contagious upper respiratory tract infection / Strangles

Disease manifestation of S. equi in horses

Beta hemolytic

Hemolytic reaction characteristic of Group C Streptococci

subsp. equisimilis

Subspecies of S. dysgalactiae involved in upper respiratory and soft tissue infections resembling S. pyogenes

Necrotizing Fasciitis (NF)

Invasive soft tissue infection caused by S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis

subsp. zooepidemicus

Subspecies of S. equi associated with post-infection glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever

Animals (Rarely isolated from humans)

Principal host of S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus

Gamma hemolytic

Hemolytic property characteristic of Group D Enterococcal Group

Bile Esculin Media

Media solubility feature unique to Group D Enterococcal group

Inhibited (Cannot withstand high salt)

Growth characteristic of Group D Non-Enterococci in 6.5% NaCl

Sensitive

Penicillin sensitivity of Group D Non-Enterococci

Negative

PYR reaction of Group D Non-Enterococci

UTI

Typical clinical infection caused by Group D Non-Enterococci

Streptococcus bovis

Group D Non-Enterococci organism that ferments mannitol and starch

Colon cancer / GIT cancer

Malignancy strongly associated with first blood culture isolates of Streptococcus bovis

Streptococcus equinus

Group D Streptococcus associated with bacteremia and endocarditis opportunistically

6.5% NaCl (TSB or BHIB)

Key medium component used to differentiate Enterococci from Non-Enterococci based on salt tolerance

PYR (L-pyrrolidonyl-beta-naphthylamide)

Enzymatic test used to differentiate Enterococci from Group D streptococci

Intestinal tract (GIT, respiratory tract)

Normal habitat/flora of Enterococci

Alpha, beta, or gamma

Hemolytic patterns exhibited by Enterococci

With growth (Halophilic)

Growth characteristic of Enterococci in 6.5% NaCl

Resistant

Susceptibility of Enterococci to Penicillin, Vancomycin, and Cephalosporins

Positive (+)

Result of Bile Esculin and PYR tests for Enterococci

Pseudocatalase reaction (weak bubbling)

False reaction sometimes exhibited by Enterococci in catalase testing

Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)

Growth factor required by Enterococcus faecalis

Enterococcus faecium

Enterococcus species paired with E. faecalis, E. durans, E. avium, and E. gallinarum

Cell wall inhibitor (Ampicillin/Vancomycin) + Aminoglycoside (Gentamicin/Streptomycin)

Synergistic drug combination of choice for Enterococcal infections

Black color complex

Color complex formed in a positive Bile Esculin test

Esculin + 1-4% bile salt

Bile Esculin reagent combination

Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB) or Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHIB)

Salt tolerance test media options

Positive / Growth (Halophilic)

Interpretation of turbidity in 6.5% NaCl broth

Streptococcus anginosus

Species belonging to Group F & G associated with liver abscesses

Honeysuckle odor

Distinctive odor produced by cultures of Streptococcus anginosus

GI Tract, Vaginal Tract, Oropharynx

Normal habitat of Group G streptococci

Opportunistic infections

Pathogenicity of Group G streptococci

Susceptible (S)

Result of Group A streptococci in Bacitracin test

Resistant (R)

Result of Group B streptococci in Bacitracin test

Resistant (R)

Result of Groups C, F, G in Bacitracin test

Positive (+)

Result of Group A streptococci in PYR test

Positive (+)

Result of Group B streptococci in CAMP test

Resistant (R)

Result of Group A streptococci in SXT-TMP test

Resistant (R)

Result of Group B streptococci in SXT-TMP test

Susceptible (S)

Result of Groups C, F, G streptococci in SXT-TMP test

Pneumococcus

Common name for Streptococcus pneumoniae

Otitis media ("luga")

Common pediatric ear condition caused by S. pneumoniae

Adults

Age group in which S. pneumoniae is the #1 cause of bacterial meningitis

Lancet, bullet-shaped, oval diplococci

Microscopic morphology shape of Streptococcus pneumoniae diplococci

Dome-shaped, glistening, wet, mucoid, mexican hat

Shape of S. pneumoniae colonies when young

Crater-like appearance / checker / nail-head

Shape of S. pneumoniae colonies when old

Non-motile (NM)

Motility status of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Non-sporing (NS)

Spore-forming status of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Polysaccharide

Composition of Streptococcus pneumoniae capsule

5-10% CO2

Gas requirement enhancement for S. pneumoniae incubation

Catalase negative

Catalase test result for all Streptococci (Alpha, Beta, Gamma)

Alpha-hemolytic

Hemolytic pattern of S. pneumoniae under aerobic conditions

Beta-hemolytic

Hemolytic pattern of S. pneumoniae under anaerobic conditions

MOPS (Meningitis, Otitis media, Pneumonia, Sinusitis/Sepsis)

Acronym for key virulence infections of S. pneumoniae

Rusty / Anchovy color

Sputum color characteristic of pneumococcal lobar pneumonia

Alcoholism, anesthesia, malnutrition, viral URT infections

Predisposing factors for pneumococcal lobar pneumonia

Bile Solubility Test

Confirmatory bile test for differentiating pneumococci from Viridans streptococci

10% or 2% Sodium Deoxycholate

Bile salt reagent concentration used in BAP tube testing for Bile Solubility

Turbidity/cloudiness disappears (clearing)

Positive result appearance of Bile Solubility Test

Neufeld Quellung Reaction

Serological test for capsular swelling of S. pneumoniae

Inulin Fermentation (+)

Diagnostic carbohydrate test result for S. pneumoniae

Mouse Virulence Test

Animal diagnostic test resulting in death of the subject for S. pneumoniae

Pneumolysin

Major exotoxin produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae

Quinidine

Chemical substance to which S. pneumoniae shows specific pharmacological susceptibility

Francis Test

Skin test used to detect Streptococcus pneumoniae

Taxo P

Taxo disc used for Optochin susceptibility testing

Ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride

Chemical constituent of Optochin disk

$$\ge 14\text{ mm}$$

Zone of inhibition diameter indicating susceptibility to Optochin

Bile insoluble

Bile solubility property of Viridans group streptococci

Resistant

Optochin test response for Viridans group streptococci

No growth

Growth result of Viridans streptococci in 6.5% NaCl

Negative (-)

Inulin fermentation and PYR results for Viridans streptococci

Abiotrophia / Granulicatella

Former name for Nutritionally Variant Streptococci (NVS)

Pyridoxal / Vitamin B6

Essential vitamin required for the growth of NVS

Thiol / Cysteine

Specific amino acid requirement for NVS growth

Satellitism (Staph Streak)

Phenomenon where NVS grow around colonies of other bacteria producing required nutrients

Variable morphology (Gram-positive to Gram-negative variable)

Gram stain morphology characteristic of NVS

Cell wall deficient

Structural defect characteristic of NVS

5-6%

Percentage of bacterial endocarditis cases attributed to NVS

Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguis)

Specific Viridans species causing Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE)

Streptococcus mitis (S. mitior)

Viridans species causing bacteremia in neutropenic cancer patients

Streptococcus mutans

Viridans species responsible for dental plaques and caries

Streptococcus salivarius

Viridans species causing SBE alongside S. sanguinis

Streptococcus constellatus / S. intermedius / S. anginosus

Viridans group species associated with abscesses and bacteremia

Lacks Lancefield group antigens

Lancefield antigen classification status of Viridans streptococci

Oropharyngeal cavity

Normal anatomical location of Viridans streptococci as commensals

Glucans and dextrans

Extracellular polysaccharides produced by Viridans streptococci to adhere to enamel

Blood Agar Plate (BAP) or Chocolate Agar Plate (CAP)

Standard culture media that will NOT support NVS growth without Vitamin B6 enrichment

A. adjacens and A. defectiva

Two specific species categorized under Abiotrophia

E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella

Organisms capable of supporting NVS satellitism via nutrient production