C&G Lab Test 2

ATP

Adenosine Triphosphate - energy for life

DNA

The genetic code for life

Chromosome

condensed set of DNA

Aerobic cellular respiration

Uses oxygen - makes ATP energy

Anaerobic cellular respiration

no oxygen - makes ATP energy

Mitochondria

Organelle that cellular respiration occurs in “powerhouse of the cell”

Bromothymol blue

pH indicator. It changes color depending on whether a solution is acidic, neutral, or basic.

Iodine

indicator in starch tests.

black=starch resent

orange=no starch

Denatured

protein loses its shape and function

Enzyme

speeds up reactions

Zygote

early embryo

Diploid

2n amount of chromosomes

Haploid

n amount of chromosomes

Centromere

middle part of a chromosome

Sister chromatids

2 identical copies of a chromosome

Cytokinesis

cytoplasm splits

Gametes

sex cells

Homologous chromosomes

chromosomes for the same gene - one from mother, the other from father

How does your body get rid of Carbon dioxide waste?

exhale

When do your muscle cells make lactic acid?

when no/limited oxygen is present

What is the process yeast use to obtain energy?

alcohol fermentation

What do yeast produce with their carbons?

ethanol

What is the purpose of an enzyme?

speed up chemical reactions in living things.

Can you use up an enzyme?

no

What did we extract DNA from?

Strawberry

How were we able to see the extracted DNA?

digested the fruit with chemicals and squished it, poured into a funnel with cheesecloth, a whitish blob of DNA floated on the liquid

What do the following enzymes affect: amylase, bromelain, catalase

amylase:

bromelain:

catalase:

For transcription and translation, know where each takes place, what acts as a template,and what is produced

Be able to tell parts of the Binary Fission, Mitosis, Meiosis 1 and 2 chart

Recognize and label basic mitotic stages

Cleavage furrow vs. Cell plate

What cells did we use for plant and animal mitosis?

Elodia and Crocodile

What organism did we use for regeneration experiment?

planaria

How does the immune system protect us from disease?

How do doctors use the immune response to protect you prom disease?

What are some ways that diseases are spread?

What is an example of a disease that attacks the immune system?

HIV

What problems can prevent the immune system from working properly?

immune disorders

Why are immunosuppressant drugs necessary when someone has an organ transplant

The immune system can detect that the organ is foreign and will attack it, the suppressant allows the new organ to incorporate

Why is rapid detection of disease exposure important?

So that the spread can be prevented

What does ELISA stand for?

Why are enzymes used in ELISA?

Why do you need to assay positive and negative control samples as well as your experimental samples?

This ensures that the experiment is working properly and the correct results are being produced

why do you need to wash the wells after every step?

when you added primary antibody to the wells, what happened if your sample contained the antigen? What if it didn’t contain?

When you added the secondary antibody to the wells, what happened if your sample contained the antigen? What if it didn’t?

If the sample gave a negative result for the disease-causing agent, does this mean you do not have the disease? What reasons could there be for a negative result when you actually do have the disease?

Why did you assay your samples in triplicate?

To ensure the result was not an error - all three should have the same result

what antibody-based tests can you buy at your local pharmacy?

if you tested positive for disease exposure, did you have direct contact with one of the original infected students? If not, what conclusions can you reach about transmissibility of disease in a population?