1 - Introduction to Solutions SCH3U – Solutions and Solubility

Solution

A homogenous mixture of two or more substances.

Solvent

The substance present in a larger quantity in a solution.

Solute

The substance present in a smaller quantity, dissolved in a solvent.

Unsaturated solution

A solution that can still dissolve more solute.

Saturated solution

A solution that cannot dissolve more solute.

Supersaturated solution

A solution that has dissolved more solute than it should have.

Physical change

A change that does not alter the chemical composition of the solute, such as making a solution.

Hydration

The process of surrounding solute ions or molecules with water molecules.

Like dissolves like

The principle that polar substances dissolve in polar solvents, while non-polar substances dissolve in non-polar solvents.

Solubility

The amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent.

Electrolytes

Ionic compounds that dissociate in water, allowing the solution to conduct electricity.

Strong electrolytes

Substances that conduct current efficiently when dissolved.

Weak electrolytes

Substances that conduct only a small current due to a small number of ions.

Non-electrolytes

Substances that do not conduct current; only molecules are present.