number1/2 bio

Vocabulary flashcards covering the nature of scientific inquiry, biological theories, cellular principles, evolutionary concepts, and taxomic systems based on the provided lecture transcript.

Science

A word derived from Latin meaning 'to know.'

Inquiry

The search for information and explanation.

Hypothesis

An explanation based on observations and assumptions that leads to predictions that can be tested by making additional observations or performing experiments.

Experiment

A scientific test carried out under controlled conditions.

Data

Recorded observations gathered during scientific inquiry.

Qualitative Data

Recorded observations that often take the form of descriptions.

Quantitative Data

Recorded observations expressed as numerical measurements, often organized into tables and graphs.

Inductive Reasoning

A logical process that derives generalizations from a large number of specific observations.

Deductive Reasoning

A logical process that uses general premises to make specific predictions.

Scientific Theory

Concepts that join well-supported and related hypotheses, supported by a broad range of observations, experiments, and data.

Cell Theory

The biological concept stating that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic living unit of structure and function, and all cells come only from pre-existing cells.

Biogenesis

The observation that living things come only from similar pre-existing forms of life by reproduction.

Scientific Law

An established principle thought to be universal and invariable.

Homeostasis

The condition in which the internal environment of an organism stays relatively constant within a range protective of life.

Evolution

The concept that living organisms are modified descendants of common ancestors, involving changes in trait frequencies across generations due to differential reproductive success.

Peer Review

The vetting process by which research papers are evaluated by scientific colleagues prior to publication.

Intelligent Design (ID)

The view that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause rather than an undirected process.

Irreducible Complexity (IC)

An argument stating that certain biological systems are too complex to have evolved from simpler predecessors through natural selection acting upon chance mutations.

Natural Selection

The gradual process by which biological traits become more or less common in a population based on inherited traits affecting differential reproductive success.

Systematics

The study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time.

Taxonomy

The branch of biology that names and classifies species into groups of increasing breadth.

Prokaryotes

Single-celled microscopic organisms in domain Bacteria and domain Archaea that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and cellular organelles.

Eukaryotes

Organisms in domain Eukarya that possess membrane-bounded nuclei and cellular organelles.

Binomial Nomenclature

A two-name naming system for species consisting of a capitalized genus name followed by a species name, both formatted in italics.