ap mod world unit 1

Champa Rice

Fast-ripening, drought-resistant rice from Vietnam that caused a population explosion in Song China.

Civil Service Exam

Test based on Confucianism used to staff the imperial bureaucracy in Song China.

Foot Binding

Cultural practice in Song China that restricted women's mobility and symbolized elite status/patriarchy.

Abbasid Caliphate

Islamic empire whose golden age was marked by cultural/scientific achievements and the House of Wisdom.

Sufism

Mystical branch of Islam that emphasized personal connection to God and helped spread the religion along trade routes.

Delhi Sultanate

Islamic empire that ruled North India over a majority Hindu population.

Srivijaya & Majapahit

Sea-based empires in Southeast Asia that grew wealthy by controlling the Strait of Malacca.

Chinampas

"Floating gardens" used by the Aztecs for intensive agriculture on lake surfaces.

Mita System

Mandatory public labor service system used by the Inca Empire.

Mansa Musa

Wealthy ruler of the Mali Empire who made a famous Hajj to Mecca and promoted Timbuktu.

Swahili Coast

East African trade city-states that participated in the Indian Ocean network and blended Bantu and Arabic.

Ethiopia

Christian kingdom in East Africa that maintained its religious identity despite surrounding pressures.

Feudalism

Decentralized medieval European political system based on land grants in exchange for military service and loyalty.

Manorialism

Self-sufficient medieval European economic system where serfs worked the land for lords.

Yuan Dynasty

Mongol dynasty that ruled China after defeating the Song.

Ilkhanate

Mongol khanate that ruled Persia and sacked Baghdad in 1258.

Golden Horde

Mongol khanate that ruled and collected tribute from Russia.

Chagatai Khanate

Mongol khanate controlling Central Asia and the central Silk Roads.

Kamikaze

"Divine wind" typhoons that protected Japan from Mongol invasions.

Silk Road

Overland trade route connecting East Asia to the Mediterranean, trading luxury goods like silk and porcelain.

Indian Ocean Trade

Maritime trade network dependent on monsoon winds, connecting East Africa, the Middle East, India, and China.

Trans-Saharan Trade

Trade network across the Sahara desert using camel caravans, trading gold and salt.

Pax Mongolica

Period of Eurasian stability and safe trade established under Mongol rule.

Caravanserais

Inn-like roadside stations along the Silk Road that provided accommodation and safety for merchants and travelers.

Flying Cash

Paper money system developed in China that facilitated long-distance trade.

Astrolabe

Navigational instrument used by sailors to determine latitude using the stars, crucial for Indian Ocean trade.

Lateen Sail

Triangular sail that allowed ships to tack against the wind, improving maritime navigation in the Indian Ocean.

Diasporic Communities

Merchant communities established by foreign traders away from their home countries, facilitating cultural exchange.

Ibn Battuta

Muslim traveler and scholar whose extensive writings documented the vast reach of Dar al-Islam.

Marco Polo

Venetian merchant whose accounts of Kublai Khan's court sparked European interest in Asia.