Latin test 2

What political structure did Rome set up to be

city-state

Why did Rome become unstable

it became an empire

Who did Caesar marry

Cinna’s daughter

Why did Caesar have to flee Rome

Cinna was a political enemy of Sulla

Who was Caesar captured by

Pirates

Who did Caesar appeal to as a political strategy

the poor

Original structure of Roman Army

citizen army of voters, state didn’t supply equipment, only worked for 8 months

What was the Roman government designed for

Not to let one person have too much power

What were Quaestors

financial officers - 20 in office

what were Aediles

maintenance of infrastructure/ city upkeep- 4 in office

what were Praetors

worked in law courts/ chief judges - 8+ in office

consul

executive power: civil and military responsibilities - 2 in office

How long were Roman officials originally in office

1 year

Quest for —- is a common Roman motivation

Gloria

What did many officials join after office

Senate

what was an issue with the 2 consuls

gridlock

in an emergency situation, the senate will choose a — for 6 months

dictator

Who controlled distant territories

Generals

How did Romans culturally change as Rome became an empire

Luxuries of the empire distracted them from being hardworking

Major governmental changes as Rome became an Empire

professional army and increase officials term lengths (ex. proconsul)

What was the worry with a professional army

Soldiers would be more loyal to general than Rome

Who can have armies

(pro) consul, (pro) praetor, and dictator

What is Caesars position in our readings

pro-consul

What is caesar told to do in his province

take in tribute and hold law courts

what are Caesars provinces

Transalpine Gaul (Gaul on far side of Alps), Cisalpina (Gaul on closer side of Alps),and Illyricum

Who did Caesar ally with

Pompey and Crassus

What does Caesar decide to do that he never says nor was told to do

Take all of Gaul into Roman Empire

What does Caesar want/gain from taking gaul

Attain glory, get money (slaves), clients (Gaul allies), and soldiers’ loyalty

What 3 parts did Caesar divide Gaul into

Belgae, Aquitani, Gauls/celts

Helvetii in modern day

Switzerland

Who led the migration of Helvetii

Orgetorix

reasons the Helvetii moved

too many people, glory of war, needed more space

How long did the Helvetii prepare to move

2 years

What is the other motivation of Orgetorix

power

gerund

active verbal noun, translated with “ing”, nd

gerundive

passive verbal adjective, a direct object it agrees with in case, gender, and number, nd

ad in front of gerund or gerundive shows

purpose

relative clause

joined to main part of sentence with relative word (qui, quod)

indirect statement

quoted speech (not command or question), starts with “neck up” verb, subject is an accusative noun, infinitive verb

temporal cum clause

subjunctive, “when”

causal cum clause

subjunctive “since”

concessive cum clause

subjunctive “although” , tamen

purpose clause

shows purpose of main sentence, usually has “ut” or “ne” or sometimes a relative

result clause

shows result of main sentence, “ut”, a “so” word or implied “so”

indirect command

subjunctive, “ut” or “ne”, verb of commanding or requesting

indirect question

subjunctive, question word, yes or no question has “ne”

ablative absolute

subordinate clause, matching noun and participle, “with… having been…”

What groups does Orgetorix ally with

Sequani and Aedui

What do the Helvetii do when they learn about Oregtorix’s ill intentions

put him on trial

What do the Helvetii do if you are found guilty in trial

burn you alive

What does Orgetorix bring to trial

an army (his family, army, clients, and people who owed him)

What happens to Orgetorix “after” the trial

he commits suicide

Do the Helvetii migrate alone

no

Which of the 3 groups Caesar originally described is the bravest

Belgians

Helvetii is a subgroup of

Gauls

What is at A

Gallia/Celtica

What is at B

Aquitani

What is at C

Helvetii

What is at D

Sequani

What is at E

Aedui

What is at F

Belgae

What is at G

Germani

What is at H

Transalpina Gallia

What is at I

Cisalpina Gallia

What is at J

Illyricum