Lesson 1 Emotion Psych

What is the Plutchik Def of emotion

1. Emotions are functional

2. Emotions are reactions to stimuli or events

3. Emotions must have a) Cognitive appraisal b) feelings c) physiological changes d) Behavioural response

Russell’s prototype approach

emotion is centered around an ideal

all psychological emotional states are based around this prototype

Who agrees that emotion is based on the mind’s reaction to bodily sensations?

William James and Carl Lange

What is the James-Lange theory of emotion

All emotion is associated with a unique bodily change that occurred after a cognitive appraisal

What is the Cannon-bard Theory of Emotion

1. Emotional behavior not reliant on peripheral nervous system

2. Same visceral states happen in different emotional states and non-emotional states

3. Viscera are relatively insensitive structures

4. Visceral and muscle changes are too slow to be source of emotions

5. Artificial induction of visceral changes do not produce emotions

Arguements against cannon-bard theory

• Muscle reactions are fast

• emotional behaviors can alter feelings even when not in emotional state (forced smiling)

Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion, describe

• Physiological arousal in the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion is the intensity of the emotion, not the direction. (type of emotion)

What is the Schachter Singer 1962 experiment?

• Induce physiological arousal through epinephrine in participants

• Half of the epinephrine group was informed about the drug

• anger situation and happy situation, both theoretically associated with arousal

• euphoria situation had no difference between placebo and epinephrine groups

• uninformed epinephrine group happier than informed

• uninformed anger situation was more angry

• no difference between self-reports of anger in placebo and epinephrine groups for anger

• telling people about the source of arousal makes people detach the link between feeling and thinking and emotion

What was dutton & Aron (1974) bridge experiment?

• misattribution of emotion

  • worry —> attraction when on shaky bridge

What is basic/discrete emotion theory?

-categorically distinct emotions,

• happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, surprise

• —> others are suggested as well but not complete consensus

• each basic emotion serves an adaptive function

• serves to coordinate individual aspects of emotion to coordinate a coherent package of responses to different situations

  • categories reflect a distinction among naturally occurring categories of human psychological experience

What is Core affect and Psychological Construction?

• four aspects of emotion proposed by plutchik don’t come in distinct packages

  • More so along continuous dimensions

What are the four dimensions of the circumplex model of emotion? What are they influenced by

• pleasure-displeasure

• Activation-deactivation

• Influenced by physiological + cognitive events

What are the 4 dimensions of the evaluative space model

• Pleasantness - unpleasantness

• engagement-disengagement

What are the Rusell-Barett theories of emotion?

Emotion is defined in individuals not by nature but through psychological construction in culture and experience

• (different from Schachter-Singer theory) Doesn’t think physical arousal is necessary to label emotions.

What is the Component Model Process?

-emotions are the pattern produced when an event is evaluated by a common set of dimensions.

• different appraisals correspond to different facial movements

• different feelings will generate slight variations in physical appearance

• appraisal dimensions are not discrete

• some emotions occur frequently enough to be identified as classic emotions

What measures emotions through degree of facial muscle contractions?

Facial Action Coding System

Describe Mauss and colleagues experiement

Facial expression correlated heavily with facial expression

Amusement (not sadness) was correlated with cardiovascular arousal and skin conductance

• supports that experience, behaviour, and physiology are all intertwined