History: Test #2

Palace at Knossos, Crete, Greece, 1600 BCE, King Minos, Minoans

Stoa of Attalos, Athens, Greece, 150 BCE, given to King Attalos as a gift, Classic Greek

The Bouleuterion, Priene, Greece, 200 BCe, unknown, classic Greek

Theater of Epidauros, 330-300 BCE, Polykleitos the Younger, classic Greek

The Akropolis, Athens, Greece, 400 BCE, unknown, classic Greek

Erechtheum, Akropolis, athens, greece, 421-405 BCE, unknown, classic Greek

The Parthenon, Acropolis, athens, greece, 400 BCE, unknown, classic Greek

Maison Carree, Nimes, France, 19 BCE (Augustus Reign), unknown, mimicked republic temples

Roman Forum, Rome, Italy, started 54 BCE (Julius era), unknown, Roman Republic to empire

Basilica of Ulpia (Trajan Forum), Rome, Italy, 98-117 (Trajan’s era), Apollodorus of Damascus, Roman Empire

Basilica of Maxentius, Rome, Italy, 306-327 (Finished by Constantine), unknown, Roman Empire

Pantheon, Rome Italy, started 118-228 (Hadrians Rule), unknown, Roman Empire

Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater), Rome, Italy, 80 AD, unknown, Roman Empire

Theater of Marcellus, Rome, Italy, started 12 BCE (Augustus era), Marcus Agrippa, Roman Empire

Arch of Titus, Rome, Italy, started 81 AD, unknown, Roman Empire

Pont du Gard, Nimes, France, end of 1st century, unknown, Roman Empire

Minoans and Mycenaeans era dates

3400 - 1400 BCE, 2000 - 1125 BCE

Dorians and Classical Greeks era dates

1125 - 750 BCE, 750 - 338 BCE

who excavated the palace at knossos

Sir Authur Evans

Polis Definition

Community of families related, born into the polis

Agora definition

Communal heart of Stoas, Bouleuterion

Who destroyed the city of milteos?

The Persians

Who rebuilt Miletos and invented city planning?

Hippodamos

other word for temple

Temenos

what are the 3 parts of a greek amphitheater?

Skene orchestra theatron

what is a caryatids?

stone carving of a draped female figure used as a pillar

What are the 3 greek column types?

Doric, Ionic, Corinthian

What is an oculus?

an opening in the apex of a dome

What was the heart of any roman city?

Forum

What is a coffer?

Technique to create geometric shapes on the ceiling

Roman Empire: Early kings

1100-509 BCE

Roman Empire: Republic

509-46 BCE

Roman Empire: Empire

46 BCE - fall of empire

Main rulers of rome

Octavian (Augustus), Vespian, Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius

Roman concrete

solid volcanic ash, sea water and lime

modern concrete

Aggregate, sand and water

Lime definition

White Caustic alkaline substance

Main difference between greek and roman amphitheater

Greek theater built into hillside, roman theater build from ground up

Lintel

Horizontal architectural member supporting weight

Trabeated System

A post and beam system

Cantilever

Beam overhangs beyond the column

Engaged column

Half column that is merged with the wall

Pilaster

flat pier-like projection on the wall

Arch

alternative for spanning an opening

Voussoir

small parts of an arch that are wedge shaped

Arcade

several arches placed end to end

Barrel vault

a masonry vault resting on two parallel walls and having the form of a half cylinder

Groin vault

a vault formed when two-barrel vaults intersect at right angles

Lunettes

semicircular or crescent shaped area 

Domes

a convex roof with a smooth curved surface rising either from a circular or polygonal base

Pendentives

a curved triangular element that effects the change from the circular base of a dome down to a square plan below