Cjust chapter 2 definitions & theories

Crime multiplier

Hearing about crime distorts perceptions of how common crime is and increases fear.

Hierarchy rule

Only the most serious crime committed during an incident is counted.​

Creepware

computer-hijacking malware.

Series victimization

Ongoing victimizations that are difficult to count, such as intimate partner violence.​

THEORY: social learning/subcultural

Crime is learned through associations with criminal definitions that approve of criminal conduct or neutralizations that justify criminal conduct

THEORY: General strain

When individuals cannot obtain success goals such as money or status, they experience strain or pressure. People under strain adapt accordingly by either accepting or rejecting the goals and means to obtain what society values. A society that lacks common goals and means may experience anomic (normlessness).

THEORY: Rational choice/deterrence

Crime is seen as a choice that is influenced by its costs and benefits; crime is a rational choice.

THEORY: Routine Activity

People's daily routine activities affect the likelihood they will be attractive targets who encounter offenders in situations in which no effective guardianship is present.

• Suitable victims, motivated offender, Absence of capable guardian

THEORY: labeling/shaming

People become stabilized in criminal roles when they are labeled as criminals, develop criminal