ecology exam 3

percent of nitrogen that makes up atmosphere

78

percent of oxygen that makes up atmosphere

21

troposphere

contains H2O vapor and is where weather and global air circulation occurs

greenhouse gasses are

transparent to sunlight, but trap infrared radiation/heat

examples of greenhouse gasses

CO2, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor, CFC

positive feedback loop created by warming temperatures

melting permafrost releases methane which is a potent greenhouse gas; thermal expansion and melting causing sea levels to rise

estimated temp increase by 2100

2-5 degree C

climates are shifting

200-800 km north and experience more extreme and costly weather disasters

projected global temp increase depends on

CO2 emission levels

subtropic and tropics become less productive because

plant stress from higher temp and drought

shift in life history events

timing of migration and flowering are shifting

increased water temps cause

coral bleaching

absorbed CO2 in oceans results in

carbonic acid and acidification

idea of special creation

each species created independently, earth is young, species are fixed

lamarck theory of evolution

species change over time by inheritance of traits acquired during life

darwin’s observations

living and recent fossil species are similar in same areas, island and mainland species are similar, earth’s surface constantly changes over time

evolution by natural selection

populations change over time because individuals with certain adaptations leave more offspring

microevolution

species change over time

speciaiton

lineages split and diverge

macroevolution

novel forms derived from earlier forms

homology

species derived from common ancestors

vestigial traits

structures that have lost their ancestral function over time (human goosebump response)

ring species

ends of ring dont interbreed