Embedded Systems

Processor (MCU/MPU)

What component executes instructions and controls the operations of an embedded system?

Memory (RAM, ROM, and Flash)

What component stores temporary data and holds firmware and program code?

I/O Interfaces

What interfaces connect an embedded system to sensors and other devices?

Sensors and Actuators

What components read the environment and perform actions based on system commands?

Power Supply

What component regulates and delivers the correct voltage and current to an embedded system?

Communication Modules

What components enable data exchange through Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and LoRa?

RAM (Random Access Memory)

What type of memory stores temporary data while a system is operating?

ROM/Flash Memory

What type of memory stores firmware and code in an embedded system?

GPIO (General-Purpose Input/Output)

What interface allows an embedded system to communicate with external devices using general-purpose input and output pins?

Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter

What serial communication interface is commonly abbreviated as UART?

SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)

What serial communication interface uses a clock line and data line for communication?

I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit)

What communication interface uses two signal lines, SDA and SCL?

System-on-Chip (SoC)

What technology integrates most or all computer components onto a single silicon chip?

Processing Cores

What SoC component contains CPU cores and may include GPU/NPU cores for graphics and AI acceleration?

Memory Controllers

What SoC component manages communication between the processor and external RAM or storage?

Integrated Peripherals

What SoC components provide built-in display, camera, audio, and wireless interfaces?

Interconnect Bus

What high-speed internal connection links the different blocks of an SoC?

AMBA and AXI

What examples of interconnect bus technologies are mentioned in the presentation?

Raspberry Pi

What type of computer is built on a single circuit board and can be used for computing, edge AI, and servers?

Arduino

What microcontroller platform is suited for simple sensing and control without requiring an operating system?

ESP32

What dual-core 32-bit microcontroller platform has built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth?

Raspberry Pi

Which single-board computing platform runs a Linux-based operating system?

Arduino

Which platform operates without an operating system using bare-metal programming?

ESP32

Which platform can use no operating system or a lightweight real-time operating system?

Raspberry Pi

Which platform is best suited for compute-heavy tasks according to the presentation?

Arduino

Which platform is best suited for deterministic real-time control according to the presentation?

ESP32

Which platform is best suited for low-power wireless IoT applications according to the presentation?

Edge AI

What type of AI runs machine learning models directly on a local device instead of the cloud?

Reduced latency, improved privacy, and offline operation

What is the benefit of running AI locally rather than relying on cloud processing?

AI Accelerators

What components speed up machine learning inference using specialized hardware?

NPUs, GPUs, and TPUs

What are examples of AI accelerators mentioned in the presentation?

TinyML

What lightweight machine learning technology is designed for embedded devices with limited resources?

TensorFlow Lite

What machine learning framework is mentioned alongside TinyML for lightweight embedded models?

Sensors and Data Pipelines

What components collect real-time information, such as images and sound, to feed an AI model?

Local Inference Engine

What Edge AI component loads a model and makes predictions directly on the device?

Inference

What process involves running a trained AI model to generate predictions from data?

Real-Time Processing

What design consideration requires responding to inputs within strict, predictable time limits?

Power Efficiency

What design consideration minimizes energy consumption through low-power components, sleep modes, and efficient code?

Form Factor

What design consideration matches the physical size and shape of a device to its intended application?

To bring computing power directly to where data is generated, enabling smarter, faster, and more efficient devices

What is the main purpose of embedded systems combined with Edge AI?

1. Core Components of an Embedded System; 2. System-on-Chip (SoC) Architecture and Integration; 3. Single-Board Computer Design and Comparison; 4. Edge AI Components; 5. Design Considerations

ENUMERATION: What are the five main topics in the presentation's agenda?

1. Processor (MCU/MPU); 2. Memory; 3. I/O Interfaces; 4. Sensors and Actuators; 5. Power Supply; 6. Communication Modules

ENUMERATION: What are the six core components of an embedded system?

1. Processing Cores; 2. Memory Controllers; 3. Integrated Peripherals; 4. Interconnect Bus

ENUMERATION: What are the four main SoC components discussed in the presentation?

1. Raspberry Pi; 2. Arduino; 3. ESP32

ENUMERATION: What are the three computing platforms compared in the presentation?

1. Processor; 2. Typical Use; 3. Operating System (OS); 4. Power Draw; 5. Connectivity

ENUMERATION: What five features are used to compare Raspberry Pi, Arduino, and ESP32?

1. Raspberry Pi — Computing, edge AI, and servers; 2. Arduino — Simple sensing and control; 3. ESP32 — IoT connectivity and low-power sensing

ENUMERATION: What are the three platforms' typical uses according to the presentation?

1. Raspberry Pi — Linux-based; 2. Arduino — None (bare-metal); 3. ESP32 — None or lightweight RTOS

ENUMERATION: What are the three platforms' operating-system arrangements?

1. Raspberry Pi — Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Ethernet, and USB; 2. Arduino — Limited connectivity and may need shields; 3. ESP32 — Built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth

ENUMERATION: What connectivity options are listed for Raspberry Pi, Arduino, and ESP32?

1. AI Accelerators; 2. Lightweight ML Models; 3. Sensors and Data Pipelines; 4. Local Inference Engine

ENUMERATION: What are the four main components of an Edge AI system?

1. NPU; 2. GPU; 3. TPU

ENUMERATION: What three types of processors or hardware accelerate machine learning inference?

1. TensorFlow Lite; 2. TinyML

ENUMERATION: What two lightweight machine learning technologies or frameworks are mentioned?

1. Real-Time Processing; 2. Power Efficiency; 3. Form Factor

ENUMERATION: What are the three design considerations discussed in the presentation?

1. Reduced Latency; 2. Improved Privacy; 3. Offline Operation

ENUMERATION: What three benefits of Edge AI are stated in the presentation?

1. Raspberry Pi — Compute-heavy tasks; 2. Arduino — Deterministic real-time control; 3. ESP32 — Low-power wireless IoT

ENUMERATION: What are the three main differences between Raspberry Pi, Arduino, and ESP32 in terms of recommended tasks?

1. Wearable; 2. Industrial Sensor; 3. Compact IoT Node

ENUMERATION: What are the three examples of physical applications used to explain form factor?