history enlightment quiz

The Enlightenment

An 18th century philosophical movement of people inspired by the scientific revaluation, wanted reason to progress towards a better society and understand life better w traditional authorit

Isaac Newton

Scientist who developed the laws of motion and gravity; showed the universe follows natural laws that can be discovered through reason and observation inspired enlightmrnt thinkers to use reaosj

John Locke

Believed people were shaped by their environments so if society and environments changed people could too. Believed in natural rights and right to rebel.

Philosophe

An Enlightenment thinker who used reason to study and criticize society, government, religion, and other institutions.

Montesquieu

Separation of power checks and balances

French Enlightenment philosopher who wrote The Spirit of the Laws and influenced modern democratic government.

montesquie

Voltaire

Treatise on Tolarance, reminded governments all men were brothers under god and fought against religious intolerance and fought for freedom of speech

Diderot

Encylopedia purpose to change the general way of thinking, attacked religious tolerance, sold to doctors, lawyers, teachers, contribution to philosophies crusades against old french society.

Adam Smith

Laissex faire

scottish economist and Enlightenment thinker who wrote The Wealth of Nations and supported free-market economics.

adam smith

Laissez-faire

adam smit, wealth nation, state shouldn't interfere with economic problems only the army, police and keeping the public orderly ( streets ).

Beccaria

proportional punishments

Italian Enlightenment thinker who argued for fairer laws and criminal punishments.

beccaria

Rousseau

social contract

enlightment philosopher, believed people are naturally good but society can corrupt them, wrote social contract and emile

Rousseau

Social Contact Theory

rousseau, Makes society agree to be governed by its general will/whats nest for the entire community

Mary Wollstonecraft

british gender equality Founder of american and women's rights moments, a self educated governess and magazine publisher that developed ideas on women's rights and education through speeches and papers.

Salon

A gathering, often held in wealthy homes, where Enlightenment thinkers discussed and spread new ideas.

Popular Soverignty

The idea that government gets its power from the people and should be based on their consent.

Separation of Powers ( checks & balances )

Montesqueiu Identified republic's, despotism and monarchies dividing 3 government branches w diffrent checks and balances preventing over ruling.

Proportional Punishment

Beccaria stated that punishments shouldn't be brutal and opposed capital punishment b/c he thought it wouldn't stop others from committing crime.

Bourgeoisie

urban middle class of merchants working 4 themsevles gained money through trade. More power they challenged kings and feudal privelage, supported enlightment/liberal gov ideas and helped drive political revs and

Natural Rights

locke, Rights that all people are born with and that government does not create; Locke emphasized life, liberty, and property. Government exists partly to protect these rights.

State of Nature

A hypothetical condition describing life without an established government;

Locke believed people still possessed natural rights in this state

Hobbes

state of nature locke

believed people still possessed natural rights like life liberty and property without a goverment

SON Hobbes

no goverment= everyone goes aganst and competes aganst eachother the soulton is a strong goverment

enlightenment thinkers

philosophers, writers, professers, economists and social reformers

how enlightment soread

magazines and cheap newspapers, books,salons

declaration of indepedence

enlightment doc infulunced by john lockes natural rights ( LLPOH ) consent of the governed and the right to change a goverment that fails to protects thoes rights

impacts of enlightment

challenged old authoritty, infulunced democratic gov and revs and inspired docs like dec

what was THE enlightment using

thinkers used reason to question traditonal authority and devlop new ideas about goverment rights society and economics

most important enlightment ideas

natural rights, popular sovergeinuty, social contract, sep of power, free market eco