Comprehensive Urology and Kidney Disease Medical Terminology

The outermost layer of organs, blood vessels, and other structures in the body.

Adventitial

Albumin in the urine.

Albuminuria

The absence of urine production.

Anuria

Involuntary or unconscious.

Autonomic

Urea in the blood.

Azotemia

Excision of all or part of the bladder to remove a cyst.

Cystectomy

Inflammation of the lining of the bladder.

Cystitis

A condition in which weakened pelvic muscles cause the bladder to drop from its normal position.

Cystocele

Radiographic imaging of the bladder.

Cystography

A thin tube-like instrument used to look inside the bladder and urethra.

Cystoscope

Examination of the bladder and urethra using a cystoscope, inserted into the urethra.

Cystoscopy

Creation of an artificial opening into the bladder.

Cystostomy

Incision into the bladder.

Cystotomy

The removal of an amino group from a molecule.

Deamination

A muscle which forms a layer of the wall of the bladder.

Detrusor

Excess production of urine.

Diuresis

Painful urination.

Dysuria

Involuntary urination.

Enuresis

to get rid of waste material from the blood, tissues, or organs by a normal discharge (such as sweat; urine; or stool).

Excretion

A condition in which the tissues in the kidney become inflamed and have problems filtering waste from the blood.

Glomerulonephritis

Presence of glucose in the urine.

Glycosuria

Blood in the urine.

Hematuria

The state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things.

Homeostasis

Abnormal enlargement of a kidney, which may be caused by blockage of the ureter (such as by a kidney stone) or chronic kidney disease that prevents urine from draining into the bladder.

Hydronephrosis

Relating to the equilibrium of liquids and the pressure exerted by liquid at rest.

Hydrostatic

A region of the forebrain below the thalamus; has function in both the autonomic and endocrine systems and regulates homeostasis.

Hypothalamus

Loss of ability to control micturition (urination).

Incontinence

A condition marked by drowsiness and an unusual lack of energy and mental alertness.

Lethargy

Also called urination or voiding.

Micturition

The destruction of a calculus (stone) of the kidney, ureter, bladder, or gallbladder by physical forces.

Lithotripsy

A membranous, bean-shaped organelle that is the "energy transformer" of the cell.

Mitochondria

Excision of all or part of the kidney.

Nephrectomy

A condition in which the tissues in the kidney become inflamed and have problems filtering waste from the blood.

Nephritis

Formation of stone(s) in the kidney.

Nephrolithiasis

Incision into the kidney to remove stone(s).

Nephrolithotomy

A doctor who has special training in diagnosing and treating kidney disease.

Nephrologist

A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the kidney.

Nephrology

Surgery to make an opening from the outside of the body to the renal pelvis.

Nephrostomy

Frequent urination at night that interrupts sleep.

Nocturia

Below normal urine production of 400-500 mL/day.

Oliguria

A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one.

Osmosis

A measure of how acidic or alkaline a substance is as determined by the number of free hydrogen ions in the substance.

pH

Excessive urine production.

Polyuria

Signaling molecules derived from unsaturated fatty acids with hormone-like effects.

Prostaglandins

Tissue with a single layer of irregularly shaped cells that give the appearance of more than one layer.

Pseudostratified

Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney calices.

Pyelitis

Inflammation of the nephrons, renal pelvis, and kidney calices.

Pyelonephritis

The presence of white blood cells in the urine.

Pyuria

The minor component in a solution.

Solutes

Abnormal narrowing.

Stricture

A cystic dilatation of the end of a ureter.

Ureterocele

Formation of stone(s) in the ureter.

Ureterolithiasis

Examination of the inside of the kidney and ureter, using a ureteroscope.

Ureteroscopy

Creation of an artificial opening into the ureter.

Ureterostomy

Receptacle used for the collection of urine.

Urinal

Pertaining to urine or the organs of the body that produce and get rid of urine.

Urinary

A doctor who has special training in diagnosing and treating diseases of the urinary organs in females and the urinary and reproductive organs in males.

Urologist

A surgical specialty concerned with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the urinary tract in both sexes, and the genital tract in the male.

Urology

Also known as urination or micturition.

Voiding