Basic Circuitry

Matter

Has mass, energy equivalence, and may have electric charge

Electric charge

Comes in discrete units - positive (proton) or negative (electron), associated with electron and proton having the same magnitude but opposite direction

X-ray unit

Converts electric energy into X-ray energy

X-ray beam

Electromagnetic energy

Electricity

Originates from the Greek word "elektron" meaning "amber," related to static electricity

Electrostatics

Study of stationary electric charge

Electrification

Creation by friction, induction, or contact, due to movement of negative electric charge

Ground

Electrically neutral object serving as a reservoir for electric charges

Charge Concepts

Opposite charges attract, like charges repel, unit is Coulomb (C)

Electric Force

Coulomb's Law, force proportional to product of charges, inversely proportional to distance square

Electric Field

Points outward from positive charge, toward negative charge, absent in uncharged particles

Electric Charges

Like charges repel, unlike charges attract

Electrostatic force

Directly proportional to charges, inversely proportional to distance square

Electric Charge Distribution

Varies in non-conductors, copper wire, and sharpest points

Electric Potential

System with stored energy capable of doing work when energy is released

Electric potential

Also known as voltage, 1 volt (V) = 1 J/C

Electric Field

Applies force without touching, exists around charged objects

Electrostatic Force

Repulsion or attraction between charges due to electric field

Electric Charge Concentration

Concentration along the sharpest curvature of a conductor's surface