1.4 The Gaseous State & Gas Laws

Boyle's Law

Pressure and volume are indirectly proportional at a constant temperature (P1V1 = P2V2).

Charles' Law

Volume and temperature are directly proportional at a constant pressure (V1/T1 = V2/T2).

Gay-Lussac's Law

Pressure and temperature are directly proportional at a constant volume (P1/T1 = P2/T2).

Ideal Gas Law

The equation of state for an ideal gas represented by PV = nRT.

Molar Gas Constant (R in L-atm)

0.08205 liter atm / mol K.

Van der Waals Real Gas Equation

(P + an²/V²)(V - nb) = nRT, which accounts for molecular volume and intermolecular attractions.

Van der Waals 'a' factor

Represents the internal pressure correction due to molecular attraction forces.

Van der Waals 'b' factor

Represents the incompressibility correction due to the finite volume of real gas molecules.

Avogadro's Law

Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules (6.02 x 10²³ molecules/mole).

Graham's Law

The speed of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight or density.

Henry's Law

The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the liquid.

Dalton's Law

The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the individual partial pressures of its components.

Raoult's Law

The partial vapor pressure of a volatile constituent equals its pure vapor pressure multiplied by its mole fraction in solution.

Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

Defines the relationship between the vapor pressure and the absolute temperature of a liquid.