AFOM Chapter 4 Study Guide

coronoid fossa

small hollow depression on the anterior distal end of the humerus just above the trochlea

radial fossa

small, shallow depression on the anterior distal end of humerus just above the capitulum

olecranon fossa

the smooth hollow surface on the back of the elbow where the olecranon process rests when extended

capitulum

smooth rounded knob on the lateral part of the distal humerus that articulates with the head of the radius

trochlea

smooth, spool-shaped surface on the distal end of the humerus medial to the capitulum

medial and lateral epicondyles

small bony knobs on the medial and lateral sides of the humerus

olecranon process

projection at the upper end of the ulna that forms the bony point of the elbow

coronoid process

a projection on the ulna that fits into the coronoid fossa of the humerus

radial notch

a small, smooth depression on the anterior medial side of the ulna, right outside the trochlear notch

what does the radial notch do

allows radius to rotate (supination and pronation)

trochlear notch

large depression on the proximal ulna that fits the trochlea of the humerus

radial head

proximal (top) end of the radius

radial tuberosity

a large bump located on the medial side of the radius

styloid process (radius)

a pointy projection located on the distal lateral side of the radius

ulnar notch (radius)

an area that appears to be cut out where the ulna articulates with the radius

what type of joint is the ulnohumeral joint

hinge joint

ulnohumeral joint

primary hinge joint formed by the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna

radiohumeral joint

articulation between the capitulum of the distal humerus and the cup-like head of the radius

what type of joint is the proximal radiounlar joint

uniaxial pivot joint

proximal radioulnar joint

uniaxial pivot joint that allows for the rotation of the radius and ulna (forearm)

the articulation between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna

what type of joint is the distal radioulnar joint

pivot joint

distal radioulnar joint

a pivot type joint located between the radius and ulna bones near the wrist

capsular ligament

surrounds the three proximal articulations: ulnohumeral, radiohumeral, and proximal radioulnar

Interosseous ligament / membrane

dense fibrous connective tissue sheet spanning the space between the ulna and radius, uniting the two bones

brachialis origin

distal half of anterior surface of humerus

brachialis insertion

coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

what is the action of the brachialis

flexion

brachioradialis origin

lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

brachioradialis insertion

proximal to styloid process of radius

what is the action of the brachioradialis

flexion

biceps brachii short head origin

coracoid process

biceps brachii long head origin

supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

biceps brachii insertion

radial tuberosity of radius

what is the action of the biceps brachii

flexion of the shoulder joint and supination of the forearm

triceps brachii long head origin

infraglenoid tubercle

triceps brachii (media and lateral head) origin

posterior surface of the humerus

triceps brachii insertion

olecranon process

what is the action of the triceps brachii

elbow extension

anconeus origin

lateral epicondyle of humerus

anconeus insertion

lateral surface of olecranon process

what is the action of the anconeus

assist with extension of elbow joint

pronator teres origin (humeral head)

medial supracondylar ridge

pronator teres origin (ulnar head)

coronoid process

pronator teres insertion

lateral surface of radius

what is the action of pronator teres

pronation and assist with elbow flexion

pronator quadratus origin

distal anterior surface of ulna

pronator quadratus insertion

distal anterior surface of radius

what is the action of pronator quadratus

pronation

supinator origin

lateral epicondyle of humerus

supinator insertion

lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius

what is the action of the supinator

supination

elbow flexion

decreasing the angle of the elbow joint

elbow extension

increasing the angle of the elbow joint

forearm supination

forearm rotates so that the palm is facing upward or anteriorly

forearm pronation

forearm rotates so that the palm is facing downward or posteriorly