World History to 1500 - Module 3 Study Guide

Vocabulary flashcards generated from Module 3 study guide covering Early Islamic History, Silk Roads, Tang Dynasty, Crusades, Roman/Byzantine history, and regional societies.

Hijra

Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE.

Khadija

Muhammad’s wife who financially supported his early preaching.

Jahiliyyah

Period of ignorance and polytheism before Islam.

Abraham (Ibrahim)

Revered in Islam as an important patriarch.

Translation Movement

Preserved ancient knowledge by translating works into Arabic.

Abbasid Tolerance

Policy under which non-Muslims were protected and allowed to practice religion.

Aksum

Kingdom that provided refuge to Muslims fleeing persecution.

Byzantine-Sasanian Wars

Conflict whose occurrence allowed Islam to rise unopposed.

Sufi Islam

Emphasized mystical connection with God and spread Islam culturally.

Abbasid Schism

Growing Sunni–Shia divide that led to Islamic sect formation.

Sati

Hindu ritual where widows self-immolated on husband’s pyre.

Caravansaries

Structures along trade routes that enabled cultural exchange and the spread of ideas and customs.

Korea’s Three Kingdoms

Kingdoms that adopted Buddhism and Confucianism via the Silk Road.

Civil Service Exams

Exams that promoted merit, but excluded women and lower classes.

The Diamond Sutra

First block-printed book in world history.

Tale of Genji

Novel by Murasaki Shikibu, considered the world’s first novel.

Yoritomo (1192)

Leader who took the title of Shogun, establishing military rule.

Crusades

Military expeditions called by the pope that promised spiritual rewards.

Pope Urban II

Launched Crusades to liberate the Holy Land.

Jerusalem

Focus of European Christian efforts during Crusades.

First Crusade

Only Crusade to achieve its military goal.

Great Schism (1054)

Event that created the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Edict of Milan (313)

Granted religious freedom in the Roman Empire.

Constantinople

Capital founded by Constantine in 330 CE.

Theodosian Code

Legal code that integrated Christian beliefs into Roman law.

Ardashir & Zoroastrianism

Ruler and state religion pairing that unified the empire.

Himyar & Byzantines

Entities linked through alliances based on Christianity.