the genetic code and translation

Redundant codon

Multiple codons specify the same amino acids

Unambiguous codon

One codon can only specify one amino acid.

Nonoverlapping

The ribosomes reads three bases at a time without reusing or skipping any.

Conservative codons

Codons for the same amino acid often share their first two bases with only the third differing.

What helps translate mRNA into a protein?

tRNA

What is the enzyme that helps attach an amino acid to the 3’ part of the tRNA and what helps bind to it?

aminoacetyl-tRNA synthetase and the shape and anticodon

After attachment tRNA is charged. What’s the name for this charge?

It’s called aminoacyl tRNA.

What end does the amino acid attach to?

The 3’ end

What are ribosomes made out of?

Ribosomal RNA and proteins

What is the role of the A site?

Holds the tRNA that carries the next amino acid in place

What’s the role of the P site?

Holds the tRNA that carries the growing polypeptide chain in place.

What’s the role of the E site?

tRNA leaves the ribosome

What happens during the initiation phase of translation?

The small ribosomal part joins the mRNA and then the large ribosomal subunit binds and the P site forms.

What is the elongation phase of translation and what are the 3 main steps?

Amino Acids begin to form in 3 main steps: codon recognition, peptide bond recognition formation, and translocation of ribosomes.

What happens in the termination phase of tRNA translation?

The a site accepts a release factor that causes the addition of water instead of an amino acid