kant v mill (utilitarianism)

what is transdental idealism (Kant)

German idealization

what is noumena (Kant)

can’t see, no perception, object in itself (“I” or free will)

what is phenomena (Kant)

appearances and perceptions of worldly things

what is apriori (Kant)

prior to experience

what is aposteriori (Kant)

after experience

is kant a consequentialist

no

who should be happy (Kant)

anyone doing their duty in pure good will, if the person doesn’t have good will the goal doesn’t matter / can’t be reached

what practical theory does Kant have

deontological

what is deontological practical theory (Kant)

= duty

-if you tried to do your duty even if you mess up, you will have good will

-the effects aren’t what makes something good, only actions

-you can’t truly know if someone has good will, they could be evil but still do something virtuously

what does Kant say about happiness being the goal

if happiness was our goal, we would have different instincts, but we have the capacity to think

what are Kants 4 relationships of will to duty

1. all actions against duty

2. actions done for some good down the line, but you wouldn’t do the action otherwise bc you don’t desire to do that

3. actions you want to do that accord with duty

4. actions you don’t want to do but accord with duty, ought to be done in themselves

what must be ignored to have good will (Kant)

inclination to reach our goals

what is the first categorical imperative (Kant)

I should never act except in such a way that my maximum could be willed into a universal law (of nature)

what is the second categorical imperative (Kant)

don’t treat someone simply as a means, but also at the same time as an end

what is the third categorical imperative (Kant)

Act in accordance with the maxims of a member giving universal laws for a merely possible kingdom of ends

what is the fourth categorical imperative (Kant)

Act according to your own rational will, giving yourself the moral law rather than being controlled by external influences, desires, or rewards

what is empirical (Kant)

everything we can see… we can’t know that someone isn’t a robot bc we can’t see their thoughts

what are the categorical imperatives (Kant)

good willing and you have to do it (nothing imperial / material)

are moral concepts apriori or aposteriori (Kant)

apriori… you know what is right or wrong (killing children wrong)

is the hypothetical imperative apriori or aposteriori (Kant)

aposteriori (if __ then __)

what is transdental idealation (Kant)

treat all people’s wills as good wills, regardless of the person

what is clear conviction (Kant)

even if you’ve never experienced a true friend, you ought to be one —> treat others as free people

what is God (Kant)

He is the moral order, not necessitative

what is Jesus (Kant)

phenomenal

what are the perfect duties to ourselves and others (Kant)

don’t kys and don’t lie

what are perfect duties (Kant)

illogical if you counter duty and it destroys nature

what are the imperfect duties to ourselves and others (Kant)

develop your talents and be benelovent

what are imperfect duties (Kant)

harmonizes with reason but not illogical or destroys nature

what distinguishes btw good and bad (Kant)

freedom of desires

what makes freedom rational (Kant)

you produce duties by taking maxim and putting it through categorical imperative

summarize both versions of first categorical imperative (Kant)

will this effect society, will this effect nature as we know it

what must you be to be good willing (Kant)

self legislating

is the moral person incontinent (Kant)

no

what is mundis intelligibilis (Kant)

intelligible world

all action is for … (mill)

the sake of some end

what is teleological (mill)

means to ends

what does mill say about Kant

that Kant was only concerned about consequences (global warming ex, jumping on bomb ex)

what is the creed (mill)

GHP, actions are right in proportion that they tend to promote happiness wrong as they promote the opposite of happiness. Happiness is the presence of pleasure and absence of pain. Unhappiness is the presence of pain and privation of pleasure

what are 3 objections and replies (mill)

Utilitarianism is Godless → God wants us to be happy, motive doesn’t matter → end goal matters (aim and consequences), lying is expedient → consider consequences (if you want happiness just try your best)

what is the ultimate sanction (mill)

we have a profound sense of e/o’s wellbeing

what does our conscience extend to (mill)

the wellbeing of others

what is the internal sanction (mill)

conscience, feeling of remorse from doing wrong → built from childhood, moral sentiment

what is the external sanction (mill)

hope of receiving a favor or fear of displeasure from authority

what is a sanction (mill)

sense of obligation

can virtue be a part of happiness (mill)

yes (money and fame)

what is the relationship between will and desire (mill)

will stars off as the child of desire, but then will becomes habituated against desire

what is the biggest issue in utilitarianism

justice and punishment

what is justice (mill)

resentment moralized by being made co-existive w good (feeling)

what are the two kinds of universals

1. kingdom of ends

• end in e of us… our free willing

• highest good w/o qualification = good will

2. collective

• end determined by social feelings of mankind (GHP)

• highest good w/o qualification = highest happiness

what do both kinds of the universal lead to

the golden rule