Criminal Justice set 1

The three core branches of the Criminal Justice System

Police/law enforcement, Courts, Corrections

Police/law enforcement

Created to maintain order, enforce the criminal law, provide emergency services, keep traffic on

streets and highways moving freely, and develop a sense of community safety. Police officers work actively with the community to prevent criminal behavior

Courts

Here, the criminal responsibility of defendants accused of violating the law is determined. Ideally, the court is expected to convict and sentence those found guilty of crimes, while ensuring that the innocent are freed without any consequence or burden. The court system is formally required to seek the truth, to obtain justice for the individual brought before its tribunals, and to maintain the integrity of the government’s rule of law.

Corrections

sense, correctional agencies include community supervision or probation, various types of

incarceration (including jails, houses of correction, and state prisons), and parole programs for both juvenile and adult offenders. These programs range from the lowest security, such as probation in the community with minimum supervision, to the highest security, such as 24-hour lockdown in an ultra-maximum security prison.

What is the Criminal Justice System?(CJS)

The sequential stages through which criminal offenders pass. In this system, there is no singular path, and very few cases make it through the system.

white-collar crimes

non-violent, financially motivated illegal acts committed by business or government professionals using deceit, concealment, or breaches of trust

Italian philosopher Beccaria believed that …

If criminals believed that they would get caught and punished for crime, then that would reduce crime

The Wickersham Commission ($1931$):

• Formally known as the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement, established in $1931$.

• Represented the first comprehensive, nationwide analysis of the American criminal justice system, uncovering widespread administrative and operational deficiencies.

defense attorneys

• Represent individuals or groups charged with a crime.

• Can be hired privately or assigned as public defenders if the client cannot afford counsel.

• Protect the constitutional rights of the accused and challenge the prosecution’s case.

Prosecutors

• Represent the state, city, or federal government and act as the voice of the public.

• File and prove criminal charges against an accused person beyond a reasonable doubt.

• Burden of proof rests entirely on them to present evidence and witnesses first