PerDev Mid Terms

Self-concept

Knowledge of oneself, including physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and other aspects

Ideal self

The self that you aspire to be; you hope to possess characteristics similar to those of a mentor or some other worldly figure

Real self

Who a person actually is; the qualities and characteristics that he/she possesses

Incongruence

Self-image and ideal self overlap only a little

Congruence

Self-image and ideal self overlap greatly

Self-exploration

Acquiring ideas of a person by reflecting on his/her own interests, values, skills, and personal traits

1. Physical

2. Cognitive

3. Emotional

4. Social

5. Spiritual

Holistic Development

5 Aspects That Make Up a Complex Organism

Physical

Physical attributes, including the five senses

Cognitive

Intellectual functions of the mind: thinking, recognizing, reasoning, analyzing, projecting, synthesizing, recalling, and assessing

Emotional

Governs how you perceive, process, and express feelings

Social

The manner by which an individual interacts with other individuals or groups of individuals

Spiritual

Attribute of a person’s consciousness and beliefs, including the values and virtues that guide and put meaning into a person’s life

Emotions

Complex, subjective experiences involving feelings, physiological reactions, and behavioral responses triggered by internal or external stimuli. Not experienced consciously; occur in the brain’s limbic system

Examples: Anger, Happiness, Sadness

Feelings

Subjective experiences that arise from emotions, shaped by personal perceptions and interpretations of emotional responses. Unlike emotions, ______ are conscious experiences

Examples: Embarrassment, Empathy, Curiosity

Moods

Sustained emotional states that are less intense than emotions; influence one’s overall disposition and color perceptions and behaviors over a longer period

Examples: Irritable, Energetic, Anxious

Attitudes

A person’s thoughts, feelings, and emotions about another person, object, idea, behavior, or situation; the result of a person’s evaluation of an experience based on his/her values system or beliefs

Behavior

Manifestation or acting out of the attitudes an individual has

Adolescence

Pivotal phase in human development, from about ages 10 to 19; physical, cognitive, emotional, and social transformations that lay the foundation for adulthood

Middle adolescence

Ages 14 to 17

Late adolescence

Ages 18 to 21

Peer Influence

Becomes increasingly significant as adolescents seek to establish their own identities and social networks; friendships provide support and validation

Parental Influence

May diminish as adolescents strive for autonomy; still provides guidance and establishes values

Academic Pressures

Increased expectations from school and self can lead to stress and anxiety

Mental Health Issues

Rising rates of anxiety, depression, and other concerns

Social Acceptance

Need for peer acceptance can create challenges in self-identity and belonging

Identity Crises

Struggle with understanding their own identity and place in the world

• Adolescence (12-18 yrs)

• Identity vs. Role Confusion

• Social Relationships

• Fidelity

Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development (Adolescence)

Identity Formation

Individuals strive to develop a unique identity, influenced by personal experiences, family, and peer perceptions; exploration of beliefs and values

Self-Esteem Challenges

Fluctuations in selfesteem, largely impacted by social feedback and comparison with peers; physical appearance and academic performance can heighten insecurities

Emotional Regulation

Ability to manage emotions effectively; poor regulation leads to difficulties in relationships and academics, so teens must develop coping strategies

Peer Influence on Emotions

Positive or negative influences from peers can change behavior, selfimage, and emotional well-being

Mental Health Issues

Anxiety and depression are prevalent during adolescence; increased vulnerability due to life transitions and societal pressures

Peer Relationships

Provide a sense of belonging and identity; adolescents lean on friends for support, with both positive interactions and conflicts

The Role of Social Media

Influences peer interactions, identity formation, and self-image; can foster connections but risks include cyberbullying and social comparison

Academic Performance Anxiety

High expectations from schools and families affect focus, motivation, and mental healt

Future Career Concerns

Uncertainty about career paths creates stress

Support Systems for Academic Success

Mentoring and tutoring programs enhance academic performance

Body Image Issues

Concerns influenced by societal standards; lead to dissatisfaction and disorders such as anorexia or bulimia

Substance Abuse Risks

Higher risk of experimenting with nicotine, drugs, and alcohol (nearly 20% by high school graduation); can lead to addiction and mental health issues

Nutrition and Lifestyle Choices

Poor dietary patterns can lead to obesity and related health problems; balanced nutrition fosters physical and mental well-being

Physical Health Challenges

Increasing obesity rates and chronic conditions like asthma; regular physical activity and health education help

Access to Mental Health Resources

Critical issue; only one in three adolescents receives necessary support. Barriers: stigma, lack of information, and inadequate services

• Peer Influence

• Parental Influence

Social Development and Peer Relationships

• Family Environment

• School and Educational Settings

• Community and Cultural Factors

Impact of Environment on Adolescent Development

• Academic Pressures

• Mental Health Issues

• Social Acceptance

• Identity Crises

Challenges Faced During Adolescenc

• Identity Formation

• Self-Esteem Challenges

• Emotional Regulation

• Peer Influence on Emotions

• Mental Health Issues

Emotional and Personal Challenges

• Peer Relationships

• The Role of Social Media

Social Dynamics

• Academic Performance Anxiety

• Future Career Concerns

• Support Systems for Academic Success

Academic and Career Pressures

• Body Image Issues

• Substance Abuse Risks

• Nutrition and Lifestyle Choices

• Physical Health Challenges

• Access to Mental Health Resources

Health and Well-being

Determination

Focus only on achieving a specific goal without being distracted

Self-confidence

Result of becoming aware of yourself, your actions, and their consequences

Persistence

Keep moving forward regardless of obstacles

Managing stress

Combats stress from daily life and from other people

Problem-solving skills

Help cope with problems when you lack experience

Creativity

Find extraordinary ways to carry out a specific action

Generating ideas

Achieve goals using new, original, unconventional ideas

1. Determination

2. Self-confidence

3. Persistence

4. Managing stress

5. Problem-solving skills

6. Creativity

7. Generating ideas

Skills That Increase a Person’s Efficiency

Infancy

• (birth– 18 months)

• Trust vs. Mistrust

• Feeding

• Hope

Early Childhood

• (2–3 yrs)

• Autonomy vs. Shame and Doub

• Toilet Training

• Will

Preschool

• (3–5 yrs)

• Initiative vs. Guilt

• Exploration

• Purpose

School Age

• (6– 11 yrs)

• Industry vs. Inferiority

• School

• Confidence

Young Adulthood

• (19– 40 yrs)

• Intimacy vs. Isolation

• Relationships

• Love

Middle Adulthood

• (40– 65 yrs)

• Generativity vs. Stagnation

• Work and Parenthood

• Care

Maturity

• (65 to death)

• Ego Integrity vs. Despair

• Reflection on Life

• Wisdom