Biology Y11

What is homeostasis and 3 conditions controlled by it?

The maintenance of stable internal conditions in the body. Conditions include body temperature, blood glucose concentration and blood salt concentration

What is the role of a receptor in homeostasis?

It detects a change in a condition

What is the role of an effector and the 2 main types?

It produces a response to a change detected by a receptor. Types are muscles and glands

What is the role of a sensory neurone?

It carries nerve impulses from a receptor to the central nervous system

What is the role of a relay neurone?

It carries impulses between neurones within the central nervous system

What is the role of a motor neurone?

It carries impulses from the central nervous system to an effector

What is a stimulus?

A change in the internal or external environment that is detected by a receptor

Give examples of stimuli detected by receptors.

Changes such as temperature, blood glucose concentration, sound and light

What is this and the definition?

A synapse. It is a gap between neurones

How are neurotransmitters transferred in a synapse?

Neurotransmitters release, diffuse across the gap, receptors detect neurotransmitters, impulse carries on to the next neurone

Describe a reflex action

Automatic with no control, very fast, processing done by unconscious brain areas or spinal cord

The endocrine system is made up of _____ that secrete ______ called _______ directly into the _____________. Blood carries ________ to a ____________ where it produces an __________

Glands, chemicals, hormones, blood stream. Hormones, target organ, effect

How does a hormonal effect compare to the nervous system?

Many hormonal effects are slower but longer lasting

Hormones that give a rapid response include _______ and __________

Insulin, adrenaline

Endocrine glands produce _________, which provide chemical _______ and body _______

Hormones, coordination, control

What endocrine controls many endocrine glands and is described as very small but powerful? Where is it found as well?

The Pituitary Gland. Found in the brain

The pituitary gland is described as the master gland, but why?

It secretes several hormones into the blood in response to body conditions, making it important

What is the pancreas?

A leaf shaped gland behind the stomach that releases digestive enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon

What is insulin?

A hormone produced by the pancreas that causes glucose to move from the blood into cells. It is produced when blood glucose concentration is too high

What is glucagon?

A hormone produced by the pancreas that causes glycogen to be converted into glucose. It is produced when blood glucose concentration is too low