terrorist

Currency of Saudi Arabia

Saudi Riyal (SAR)[cite: 175].

Currency of UAE

UAE Dirham (AED)[cite: 176].

Currency of Qatar

Qatari Riyal (QAR)[cite: 178].

Currency of Kuwait

Kuwaiti Dinar (KWD)[cite: 180].

Currency of Israel

Israeli New Shekel (ILS)[cite: 188].

Currency of Turkey

Turkish Lira (TRY)[cite: 200].

Capital of Saudi Arabia

Riyadh[cite: 205].

Capital of UAE

Abu Dhabi[cite: 207].

Capital of Israel

Jerusalem[cite: 219].

Capital of Egypt

Cairo[cite: 233].

Persian Empire Culinary Contributions

Introduced rice, poultry, and fruits; advanced the art of cooking with spices[cite: 247, 248].

Ancient Greek Influences

Introduced cucumbers, melon, leeks, onions, garlic, olives, and various beans[cite: 251, 252].

Ottoman Empire Contribution

Popularized yogurt in dips/sauces and the techniques of grilling and roasting[cite: 255, 256].

Islamic Golden Age Impact

Arabs played a pivotal role in spreading rice, spices, and sugar[cite: 259].

Tahini

A paste made from sesame seeds used in hummus and baba ghanoush[cite: 32].

Al Hareesh

Traditional Arab dish made of cracked wheat mixed with meat and ghee[cite: 35].

Machboos

Spiced rice dish cooked with meat/seafood and flavored with dried lime[cite: 45].

Balaleet

Sweet and savory breakfast dish of sweetened vermicelli topped with an omelet[cite: 38].

Shuwa

Omani dish of marinated lamb slow-cooked in an underground sand oven[cite: 46].

Saltah

A traditional Yemeni stew made with meat, vegetables, and a foamy herb sauce[cite: 47].

Hummus

Creamy dip made from mashed chickpeas, tahini, lemon juice, and garlic[cite: 50].

Mansaf

Jordanian national dish consisting of lamb cooked in fermented yogurt sauce over rice[cite: 50].

Maqluba

Layered dish of rice, meat, and vegetables flipped upside down before serving[cite: 51].

Zarb

Bedouin-style barbecue where meat and vegetables are cooked underground in sand[cite: 51].

Kibbeh

Dish made from ground meat and bulgur, often shaped into balls[cite: 52].

Fattoush

Salad featuring fresh vegetables and crispy pieces of toasted/fried bread[cite: 54].

Shawarma

Thin slices of seasoned meat roasted on a vertical spit[cite: 55].

Masgouf

Traditional Iraqi grilled fish cooked over an open fire[cite: 56].

Fesenjan

Rich Iranian stew made with chicken or duck, walnuts, and pomegranate sauce[cite: 58].

Baklava

Layers of phyllo dough with spiced nuts, soaked in fragrant sweet syrup[cite: 61].

Koshari

National dish of Egypt; a combination of lentils, rice, macaroni, and chickpeas[cite: 63].

Ful Medames

Egyptian fava bean stew usually eaten for breakfast[cite: 64].