Corticosteroids (steroids)

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Main idea:

They reduce inflammation in the lungs.

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KNOW THIS

Your professor lists three routes:

Route

Examples

Intravenous (IV)

Solu-Medrol

Oral (PO)

Prednisone

Inhaled (INH)

Budesonide, fluticasone, mometasone, beclomethasone

Important points:

  • Your professor identifies inhaled steroids as the best choice.

  • They may be taken alone or combined with a beta agonist to prevent asthma attacks.

  • Fluticasone/salmeterol (Advair) is an example of a combination product.

  • Oral steroids have many side effects and should not be used long-term.

  • They are generally used as short-course therapy for severe, recurrent asthma.


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Oral Steroid Side effects

  • Suppressed immune system.

  • Suppressed growth.

  • High blood pressure.

  • Ulcers.

  • Personality changes.

  • Fat buildup.

  • Metabolic changes.

  • Diabetes.

  • Menstrual irregularities.


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Other respiratory medications

Drug group

Examples

Main thing to know

Leukotriene inhibitors

Montelukast (Singulair)

Oral anti-inflammatory medication

Mast-cell stabilizers

Cromolyn, nedocromil

Not instant relief

Anticholinergics

Tiotropium, ipratropium

Used in COPD; not instant relief

Methylxanthines

Theophylline, aminophylline

Used in some COPD patients

Cough suppressants

Includes opioids

Your professor says this is not a great use for opioids

Antihistamines

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), loratadine

Used for seasonal allergies


Your professor also says cromolyn, nedocromil, 

tiotropium, and ipratropium do not work instantly but 

can reduce lung damage over time

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Antihistamines — know the difference:

  • Benadryl: sedating.

  • Loratadine: non-sedating.