Cell Biology - Cell Structures

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and their respective subcellular structures based on the lecture notes.

Eukaryotic cells

Complex cells that include all animal and plant cells.

Prokaryotic cells

Smaller and simpler cells, such as bacteria, which lack a "true" nucleus.

Subcellular structures

The different parts that make up a cell.

Nucleus

The part of the cell that contains genetic material and controls what the cell does.

Cytoplasm

The substance in which most of the cell's chemical reactions happen.

Ribosomes

The subcellular structures where proteins are made in the cell.

Cell membrane

The structure that controls what goes in and out of the cell.

Mitochondria

The site where aerobic respiration happens to transfer energy the cell needs to work.

Cell wall

A structure made of cellulose in plant and algae cells that supports and strengthens the cell.

Permanent vacuole

A plant cell structure that contains cell sap.

Chloroplasts

The site where photosynthesis happens to make food for the plant.

Plasmids

Small rings of extra DNA found in bacterial cells.

Single loop of DNA

The genetic material found in bacteria, as they do not have a "true" nucleus.

Subcellular Area Estimation

A calculation found by treating the structure like a regular shape, using the formula: $\text{length} \times \text{width}$.