Justice, Equality, and Civil Rights Activism

Practice flashcards covering definitions of justice, equality, prejudice, and discrimination, as well as the historical impacts of John Wesley, Edward Colson, Martin Luther King Jr, Stormzy, and Malcolm X.

What does the term justice refer to?

Justice refers to what is fair and deserved.

How is equality defined in the lecture?

Equality is when everyone in a society has the same rights and opportunities.

What is respect according to the lecture?

Respect is acceptance and fair treatment whilst recognising other people's boundaries.

How is activism defined?

Activism is active or rigorous campaigning for political or social change.

What is prejudice, and what examples are given?

Prejudice is unfairly judging someone before facts are known, such as misogynistic thoughts or thoughts that the elderly are useless.

What is discrimination, and what examples are provided?

Discrimination is actions or behaviour that result from prejudice, with examples including racist actions, words, and taking advantage of people because of their age.

What four factors can cause discrimination and prejudice?

The four causes are family upbringing, media influence, ignorance, and scapegoating.

What is a stereotype?

A stereotype is a fixed and oversimplified image of a particular person, or being unfair to people perceived as different based on race.

Who was John Wesley, and what was his view on slavery?

John Wesley was a Christian preacher who began the Methodist tradition, spoke out strongly against slavery, and considered it a cruel and sinful practice.

Who was Edward Colson, and what happened to his statue?

Edward Colson was a British merchant and wealthy Englishman who profited from the slave trade; his statue in Bristol was removed in 2020 by Black Lives Matter protests.

What two major anti-racism actions did Martin Luther King Jr organise?

He organised the Montgomery bus boycott and the March in Washington in 1963.

According to the lecture, what is the Christian concept of grace?

Grace is God's love given through Jesus' death and resurrection, acting as a sacrifice that saves people from death, which is given rather than earned.

What are three social impacts made by the British rapper Stormzy?

He provided scholarships for young black men to study at Cambridge University, spoke out strongly about the Grenfell Tower fire, and donated £10,000,000 to tackle racial inequality.

What is Hajj in Islam?

Hajj is a holy pilgrimage to Mecca, which is an obligatory act and one of the five pillars of Islam.

How is a pilgrimage defined?

A pilgrimage is a journey with a religious or spiritual meaning.

What is the Hadith?

The Hadith consists of the sayings and examples of the prophet Muhammad.

What discouragement did Malcolm X receive from his English teacher because of his race?

His English teacher mocked him and told him that he should be a carpenter instead of a lawyer.

How did Malcolm X's views on racial separation shift after completing Hajj?

He initially wanted segregation (separation of the races) with the Nation of Islam, but after seeing everyone live happily together on Hajj, he wanted integration together with equality.

Why did Malcolm X replace his original surname with the letter X?

The letter X represented his unknown slave family name, which was lost due to slavery.