Anatomy - Integumentary System

superficial

located near the surface of the body; towards the body’s surface

deep

located away from the body’s surface

epidermis

outermost layer of the skin; most superficial

dermis

middle layer of the skin

hypodermis

deepest layer of the skin

stratum corneum

most superficial layer of the epidermis; dead keritinized cells

stratum lucidum

second-most superficial layer of the epidermis; found only on the palms and soles

stratum granulosum

third-most superficial layer of the epidermis

stratum spinosum

fourth-most superficial layer of the epidermis

stratum basale

deepest layer of the epidermis

papillary layer

the most superficial layer of the dermis

made of areolar tissue

supports and nourishes the epidermis

reticular layer

made of connective tissue

contains elastin and collagen

provides the skin with strength and flexibility

keratinocytes

produce fibrous protein

melanocytes

make pigment melanin to protect against UV light

Langerhan’s cells

immune cells; act like macrophages, eating unwanted bacteria

merkel cells

sensory receptors

keratin

common protein in hair, skin, and nails

melanin

ranges from yellow to black; gives the skin color and protection from UV

collagen

protein that gives hair, skin, and nails strength against tissue damage and limits flexibility

elastin

gives flexibility to the skin

hair follicle

the pocket within the skin that holds the hair root

hair shaft

the string of hair that “appears” on the skins surface

hair root

the very bottom of the hair that is nestled within the hair follicle

medulla

central core of hair shaft

cortex

bulky layer of hair shaft

hair cuticle

outer, heavily keratinized, protective layer of the hair shaft

sudiferous glands

sweat glands

merocrine gland

most common sweat gland

apocrine gland

type of sweat gland; producing sweat paired with fat; often smells

ceruminous gland

type of sweat gland; produce ear wax

mammary gland

type of sweat gland; produce milk

sebaceous gland

oil glands; secrete sebum

lubricates and softens fair and skin

slows water loss and kills bacteria

homeostasis

regulation of the body’s internal environment, independent to changes in exterior climate

thermoregulation

the biological process that maintains the body’s core temperature; human body’s homeostasis

radiating heat

the relaxation or expansion of muscles to adjust blood flow accordingly in order to regulate heat

convection

the movement of molecules within a fluid

evaporative cooling

the excretion of sweat to be evaporated, thus, cooling the body