Chemistry Everything

Steps for balancing redox equations

1. Write down separate half equations

2. Balance the key elements on both sides

3. Balance number of [O] by adding H₂O

4. Balance H by adding H⁺ (Add H₂O for basic medium)

5. Balance charges with e^-

6. Multiply each half equation to balance e^-, and combine

Ionic bond strength

esfoa between cations and anions

Dependent on lattice energy $\propto \frac{q^+ \times q^-}{r^+ + r^-}$

Physical properties of ionic compounds

1. High melting and boiling points - strong ionic bonds

2. Soluble in polar solvents but insoluble in non-polar

3. Conducts electricity in molten and aqueous states ONLY

Trends on electronegativity

• Increases across a period

• Decreases down a group

Dipole moments

• Bond dipole moments points from low to higher EN atom

• Overal dipole moment is vector sum of all bond dipole moments