JSS Migration Matters- Final Exams

Push

These are the reasons why people leave a city or a country.

Examples: Political barriers, war, no job, lack of resources, expectations not met, low pay, high taxes, poor marriage prospects.

Obstacles

These are the challenges that people must overcome when migrating.

Examples: Leaving family, cost of travel, friends left behind, homesickness, language is different.

Pull

These are the reasons that attract people to a particular city or country.

Examples: More entertainment, better medical services, better education, more living space, cheaper houses.

Counterflow

These are the reasons why people return to their home city or country.

Examples: Family member sick.

Intra-Urban

Moving within a city e.g city to a suburb.

Northward Drift

Movement from the south to the north, e.g., Wellington to Auckland.

Inter-Urban

Moving from one city to another, e.g., Tauranga to Auckland.

Emigration

When people EXIT a country.

Immigration

When people move INTO a country.

Chain

When one family member moves and the rest follow.

Seasonal

Moving for a short-term activity e.g Skiing during the Winter months.

Rural-Urban

People travelling from farm-land (rural areas) to towns or cities (Urban areas).

Point

Clearly state the main point of the paragraph. This should be one sentence.

Use key words from the question.

1 Sentence

Explanation

Expand further on your main point using more depth & detail.

This can be intertwined with your examples.

This should be the bulk of your paragraph.

3-4 Sentences

Examples

Incorporate evidence to support and back up your main point/explanation.

Evidence can be dates, names, statistics.

(Combine with your Explanation)

Link

Link your point back to the essay question.

You can also link your paragraph into the next.

1 Sentence

When did the British migrated

(WW2 1939 to 1945)

Between 1947 and 1975, a total of 77,000 women, children and men arrived in NZ from Great Britain under the assisted immigration scheme. They were nicknamed "Ten-Pound Poms" as the boat fare was 10 pounds (British currency). "Ten-Pound Poms" also immigrated to Australia under a similar scheme.

Push Factors (The Blitz for British Migration)

Left cities in ruins, hard to find housing, Overcrowding, they had to ration, which meant they had limited goods to esstial goods such as, butter, sugar, and meat, the economy was weak, with high unemployment and few job opportunities.

Pull factors for British Migration

Good jobs, good pay, and good living. The Assisted Migration Passage Scheme was made by the NZ government to encourage British people to move to New Zealand after WW2.NZ needed more workers to meet the demand in the booming industries.

Obstacles for British Migrants when moving to NZ

Had to do the job given to them by the Government for 2 years as an exchange for the Government allowing them to migrate to New Zealand.

This was an obstacle as some people did not want to be given a job or the choice taken away from them.

Each new immigrant was interviewed by the Immigration Branch, for migrants coming from London this happened at New Zealand House.

This was an obstacle as some people would not have wanted to be interviewed and give over personal information.

Also people were given a full health check, including chest X-ray during the interview that they had to pay for themselves.

Had to travel by ship for 6-8 weeks. The first draft of 118 immigrants arrived in Auckland on 23 August 1947 aboard the Rangitata.

This was an obstacle to migration to New Zealand as some people would not have wanted to be on the water in small living conditions for that long period of time.

Counterflow (British Migrants)

In the 1950s, British Migrants were often struck by the emptiness of New Zealand's centres.

New Migrants were called names.

Some were disappointed. New Zealand, with its obsession with rugby, regimented 'six o'clock swill' of beer at hotels, flimsy wooden houses, and social separation of the sexes, was more different than they had expected. ----- way of life was different to what they were used to.

What were the jobs included for the Pacifika Migration

Factory and domestic work, cleaners, construction laborer,, receptionist, vegetable, harvest/picker.

What happened between 1973 and 1984.

New Zealand governments were overwhelmed by economic crises, including the oil crisis, rising inflation (cost of products and services), and increasing unemployment.

How long were the visas issued for the Pacifica Migrants?

3 to 6 months.

Why did people overstay their visa? ( Pacifica Migration)

Wanted to keep earning a good wage, be able to send back money to their families, and NZ had more job opportunities. This led to people overstaying their visa.

What does Xenophobia mean?

Dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries.

What happened due to this economic crisis in NZ between 1973 and 1984?

New Zealand also faced economic decline due to the Oil Crisis and other related factors (cost of living, etc), meaning there was less money to go around. Many people lost their jobs and didn't earn a lot of money. As a result, New Zealanders began to feel threatened by migrants who were still employed.

What happened by 1970?

More and more Polynesian migrants were coming into the country to fulfil the unwanted jobs.

What were the Dawn Raids?

They were Immigration Police raids that would happen at dawn or late at night. They did this to deport overstayers ( Targeting Specifically Pasifika People).

When did the Dawn Raids begin?

1974

Who were the Polynesian Panthers?

This group included Samoans, Tongans, Cook Islanders, and a few Māori. Many members were university students.

What were the Polynesian Panthers Actions?

Protests

Education (e.g. homework centres and tutoring)

Helping and advising tenants if landlords were unfair

Loaning money