vSrc and Viral Oncogenes

Oncogenes

genes whose products are capable of transforming a normal cell into a cancer cell

proto-oncogenes

the normal version of a gene that when mutated can become an oncogene

oncogene addiction

dependence of a cancer cell on a specific type of this gene for its maintenance

Peyton Rous

discovered RSV in chicken

RSV

RNA virus that causes sarcomas in chicken by utilizing reverse transcriptase

RSV experiment

Chopped up tumor given to another chicken and chopped up tumor filtered, strained and injected into a new chicken both created a tumor in their respective chickens

gag

gene in RSV genome that is responsible for structural proteins

pol

gene in RSV genome that is responsible for creating reverse transcriptase

env

gene in RSV genome that is responsible for creating envelop proteins

src

gene in RSV genome that is responsible for cancer

Martin, Vogt, Deusberg

the three researchers that discovered the first oncogene, src, in the RSV genome

Temin and Baltimore

discovered reverse transcriptase using RSV

Reverse Transcriptase discovery

RSV added to plate of normal cells that caused cell growth when the viral genome was inserted into the normal cell's DNA

retroviruses

viruses with reverse transcriptase

reverse transcriptase, double stranded complementary DNA, cDNA

RSV is an RNA virus that when it enters the cell, it uses ___ ___ activity to transcribe viral RNA into ____ _____ ______ ___. New viral ____ then gets integrated in the host DNA (integrase enzyme in the virus).

Varmus and Bishop

discovered (cellular) c-Src

c-src

found in normal cells and is typically turned off and regulated

inhibitory domain

missing in proteins created by v-src, causing it to always be turned on

signaling hub

Src is what in terms of pathways?

simian virus 40 (SV40) and Polyomavirus

viruses in monkeys and humans that are possibly linked to cancer, but results differ between labs

Large T antigen (TAg)

one of the proteins on the SV40 virus

TAg protein function

binds to p53 and Rb tumor suppressors, allowing for the proto-oncogene to develop into an oncogene

transforms normal cells in lab settings

TAg is an important discovery because it _______ _____ __ __ ___ ______

E6 and E7

proteins in HPV associated with causing cancer

E6

HPV protein that binds to the p53 tumor suppressor to stimulate growth

E7

HPV protein that binds to the pRB tumor suppressor to stimulate growth

src; p53

___ is an important oncogene despite not being mutated as often as genes like ___

RNA/DNA hybrid

created when the viral RNA and dNTPS are bound together by reverse transcriptase and then builds the rest of the DNA strand

RNAse H

degrades the viral RNA strand from the RNA/DNA hybrid, leaving only the cDNA strand

integrase

enzyme that incorporates the double-stranded cDNA into host genome