Pelvis, Hip, Knee, Ankle/foot

Bones of the ankle and foot

Tibia fibula talus calcaneus navicular cuneiforms metatarsals phalanges

Medial malleolus

Bony landmark of the tibia

Lateral malleolus

Bony landmark of the fibula

Dorsiflexion

Movement bringing the foot upward toward the shin

Plantarflexion

Movement pointing the foot downward

Inversion

Turning the sole of the foot inward

Eversion

Turning the sole of the foot outward

Major foot arches

Medial longitudinal arch lateral longitudinal arch transverse arch

Plantar fascia

Connective tissue on the plantar surface that supports the foot arch

Tibialis anterior origin

Lateral tibia and interosseous membrane

Tibialis anterior insertion

First cuneiform and first metatarsal

Tibialis anterior action

Dorsiflexion and inversion

Extensor digitorum longus action

Dorsiflexion and extension of the four lesser toes

Extensor hallucis longus action

Dorsiflexion inversion and extension of the great toe

Anterior compartment mnemonic

Tom Dick and Harry equals Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus

Gastrocnemius action

Plantarflexion

Soleus action

Plantarflexion

Plantaris action

Weak plantarflexion

Tibialis posterior action

Plantarflexion and inversion

Flexor digitorum longus action

Plantarflexion inversion and flexion of the four lesser toes

Flexor hallucis longus action

Plantarflexion inversion and flexion of the great toe

Fibularis longus action

Eversion and plantarflexion

Fibularis brevis action

Eversion and plantarflexion

Fibularis tertius action

Eversion and dorsiflexion

Fibularis muscles previous name

Peroneal muscles

Shin splints

Common ankle pathology

Ruptured calcaneal tendon

Common ankle pathology

Plantar fasciitis

Inflammation or irritation of the plantar fascia

Type of knee joint

Synovial hinge joint with a small amount of rotation

Largest joint in the body

Knee joint

Bones of the knee

Femur tibia fibula patella

Weight-bearing lower leg bone

Tibia

Non-weight-bearing lower leg bone

Fibula

Patella

Sesamoid bone embedded in the quadriceps tendon

Knee articulation

Articulation between the femur and tibia

Is the fibula part of the knee joint

No it does not articulate with the femur

Patellofemoral articulation

Articulation between the patella and femur

Primary knee actions

Flexion and extension

Accessory knee motion

Rotation

Additional arthrokinematic motions at the knee

Glide roll and spin

Quadriceps muscles

Rectus femoris vastus lateralis vastus medialis vastus intermedius

Quadriceps common insertion

Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon

Two-joint quadriceps muscle

Rectus femoris

Primary action of quadriceps

Knee extension

Hamstring muscles

Semitendinosus semimembranosus biceps femoris

Semitendinosus insertion

Anteromedial proximal tibia

Semimembranosus insertion

Posterior surface of medial tibial condyle

Biceps femoris insertion

Fibular head

Primary action of hamstrings

Knee flexion

Popliteus function

Unlocks the knee by medially rotating it to initiate flexion

Gastrocnemius classification

Two-joint muscle crossing the knee and ankle

Plantaris classification

Two-joint muscle

Genu varum

Bow-legged alignment

Genu valgum

Knock-kneed alignment

Genu recurvatum

Hyperextension of the knee

Type of hip joint

Synovial ball-and-socket joint

Hip joint classification

Triaxial joint

Primary functions of the hip

Mobility ambulation and weight bearing

Hip articulation

Head of femur with the acetabulum

Acetabular labrum

Structure that surrounds the acetabulum

Hip flexion and extension plane

Sagittal plane

Hip flexion and extension axis

Frontal axis

Hip abduction and adduction plane

Frontal plane

Hip abduction and adduction axis

Sagittal axis

Hip internal and external rotation plane

Transverse plane

Hip internal and external rotation axis

Vertical axis

Anterior pelvic tilt relationship

Pelvic anterior tilt spinal extension hip flexion

Posterior pelvic tilt relationship

Pelvic posterior tilt spinal flexion hip extension

Lateral pelvic tilt relationship

Adduction on weight-bearing side and abduction on non-weight-bearing side

Forward pelvic rotation relationship

Medial rotation at the weight-bearing hip

Backward pelvic rotation relationship

Lateral rotation at the weight-bearing hip

Sciatic nerve components

Tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

Obturator nerve region

Medial thigh

Femoral nerve region

Anterior thigh

Anterior hip muscles

Tensor fascia latae iliopsoas rectus femoris sartorius pectineus

Medial hip muscles

Gracilis adductor longus adductor brevis adductor magnus pectineus

Lateral hip muscles

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

Posterior hip muscles

Gluteus maximus deep rotators and hamstrings

Two-joint anterior hip muscles

Rectus femoris and sartorius

Two-joint medial hip muscle

Gracilis

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease

Hip pathology affecting the femoral head

Hip osteoarthritis

Degenerative hip pathology

Trochanteric bursitis

Inflammation of the trochanteric bursa

IT band syndrome

Pathology involving the iliotibial band

Functions of the pelvic girdle

Supports organs supports body weight receives ground forces facilitates mobility and provides muscle attachment sites

Structures of the pelvic girdle

Sacrum coccyx and two innominate bones

Three bones of the innominate bone

Ilium ischium pubis

Acetabulum

Socket formed by the ilium ischium and pubis for the femoral head

Sacroiliac joint type

Synovial nonaxial gliding plane joint

Symphysis pubis type

Amphiarthrodial cartilaginous joint with little motion

Lumbosacral joint characteristic

Allows only a few degrees of movement

Pelvic girdle actions

Anterior tilt posterior tilt right lateral tilt left lateral tilt forward rotation backward rotation

Biomechanics definition

Application of mechanics to anatomy and movement to produce stability and movement

Statics

Study of bodies at rest

Dynamics

Study of bodies in motion

Kinematics

Study of movement

Osteokinematics

Gross movement of bones

Arthrokinematics

Movement occurring between joint surfaces

Kinetics

Study of forces acting on the body

Examples of forces affecting movement

Muscle contraction gravity and ground reaction force