bio lab 3, general bones and axial bones

Frontal Bone

Ethmoid Bone

Sphenoid bone

Temporal bone

Occipital bone

Parietal bone

Mandible

maxilla

vomer

zygomatic bone (matching on the other side)

inferior nasal concha

nasal bone

lacrimal bone

palatine bone

coronal suture

saggital suture

Lambdoid suture

What is this bone?

Located inferior to the mandible and superior to the larynx

Provides attachment points for many muscles of the neck

Hyoid bone

manubrium

body

xiphoid process

costal cartilage

floating ribs (11-12)

true ribs (1-7)

false ribs (8-12)

How many vertebrae are there and how many are unfused?

24 unfuse, 33 total

Whats the saying to help remember the verterbrae?

Breakfast at 7 (cervical), Lunch at 12 (thoracic), Dinner at 5 (lumbar), Wine at 9 (sacrum/coccyx)

What bones names in the vertebral do we need to know?

Atlas- C1, connects to occipital bone of the skull.

Axis- C2, connects C1 to

C3. C3-C7 are small narrow bones distinct from thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.

Thoracic articulate with 12 thoracis ribs.

Lumbar are weight-bearing (larger body/area).

Sacrum connects to os coxa (pelvic girdle) and fully fused by late adulthood. The coccyx is the tailbone and fully fuses when we are in our 20s.

What is the Pectoral Girdle and what are the subcategories?

Bones that help form the shoulder joint

Clavicle- collar bone, sit superior to the sternum, articulate to the scapulae on the lateral portion

Scapula- shoulder blade, sit posterior to the ribs

Humerus, point to the location and where is it in location to the body

Brachial region, articulates with the scapula at the shoulder, articulates with the radius and ulna at the elbow

Upper Limbs- antebrachial

Radius- antebrachial region, located on the lateral side in anatomical position

Ulna- antebrachial region, located on the medial side in anatomical position

Radis and unla articulate with each other at two points and are connected by interosseous membrane

Upper Limb- Carpal

Carpals- two rows of four wrist bones.

Scaphoid- later side, proxmical row

Lunate- promixal row

Triquetrum- proximal row

Pisiform- medial side, proximal row, anterior to the triquetrum

Trapezium- later side, distal row

Trapezoid- distal row

Capitate- distal row

Hamate- medial side, distal row

What is the study mnemonic for the carpals?

Lateral to medial, medial to lateral: So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb

Upper Limb- Metacarpals

• Metacarpal I - lateral, aligns with thumb 

• Metacarpal II - aligns with index finger

• Metacarpal III - aligns with middle finger

• Metacarpal IV - aligns with ring finger

• Metacarpal V - medial, aligns with pinky

The bones in the phalanges.

Thumb: Proximal phalanx I, distal phalanx I.

Other fingers: Poximal, middle and distal

Os coxae

Includes the Sacrum and Coccyx. Bones that help support the weight of the body, contain bones that help support the weight of the body, contain pelvic viscera, and help form the hip joints.

Bones in the Os coxae

Three fused bones:

Illium: wide crest, palpable at the hip

Ischium: posterior and inferior, palpable at buttocks

Pubis: anterior crest, palpable at pubic region

Femur

femoral region, articulates with the os coxa, articulates with the patella, tibia and fibula at the knee joint

patella

the knee cap, patellar region, sesamoid bone that articulates with the femur anteriorly, serves as a fulcrum, a pivotal point allowing muscles to apply force to extend the leg

tibia and fibula

tibia is on the anterior and medial side of the lower leg (aligned with the big toe). fibula is on the lateral side of the lower leg, difficult to palpate. they articulate with each other at two points, proximal and distal. are connected by interosseous membrane.

tarsals

the ankle bones. 7 total.

1) talus, most proximal

2) calcaneus

3) navicular

4)medial cuneiform

5) intermediate cuneiform

6) lateral cuneiform

7)cuboid

tarsal mnemonic

tiger cubs need MILC (talus, calcaneus, navicular, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cunieform, cuboid)

metarsals

there is 5, all labeled I through V. I is the big toe and V is the pinky toe

phalanges on the foot

Digit 1: promixal phalanx I

Digit 2-5: Proximal phalanx, middle and distal

condyle

rounded knob that articulates with another bone

epicondyle

• an extended region found “above” (epi-) a condyle

crest

a narrow ridge

facet

• smooth, flat concave/convex surface that articulates with another bone

fissure

a narrow crack or slit

foramen

a hole, usually round

fossa

shallow basin

head

prominent end of a bone, proximal

meatus

opening or entrance to canal

process

any bony prominence

protuberance

a bony outgrowth

sinus

an air filled cavity

spine

sharp slender process

ramus

branch or arm

trochanter

two large prominences

tubercle

small rounded nodule

tuberosity

rough elevated surface