Learn: Comprehensive Shoulder Range of Motion and Muscle Testing Guide

Shoulder Flexion ROM

0-180°

Shoulder Flexion patient position

Supine

Shoulder Flexion goniometer stationary arm

In line with trunk

Shoulder Flexion goniometer fulcrum

Greater tubercle

Shoulder Flexion goniometer movement arm

Lateral epicondyle

Shoulder Extension ROM

0-60°

Shoulder Extension patient position

Prone

Shoulder Extension goniometer stationary arm

In line with trunk

Shoulder Extension goniometer fulcrum

Greater tubercle

Shoulder Extension goniometer movement arm

Lateral epicondyle

Shoulder Abduction ROM

0-180°

Shoulder Abduction patient position

Supine

Shoulder Abduction goniometer stationary arm

Parallel to sternum

Shoulder Abduction goniometer fulcrum

Anterior acromion

Shoulder Abduction goniometer movement arm

Bisecting the condyles of the humerus; measure above patient

Shoulder IR ROM

0-70°

Shoulder IR patient position

Supine; shoulder abducted and elbow flexed to 90°; towel under distal humerus so humerus is parallel to table

Shoulder IR goniometer stationary arm

Perpendicular to floor

Shoulder IR goniometer fulcrum

Olecranon process

Shoulder IR goniometer movement arm

Ulnar styloid; patient moves palm toward floor

Shoulder ER ROM

0-90°

Shoulder ER patient position

Supine; shoulder abducted and elbow flexed to 90°; towel under distal humerus so humerus is parallel to table

Shoulder ER goniometer stationary arm

Perpendicular to floor

Shoulder ER goniometer fulcrum

Olecranon process

Shoulder ER goniometer movement arm

Ulnar styloid; patient moves back of hand toward floor

Scapular Elevation MMT against gravity position

Sitting upright with arms by side

Scapular Elevation MMT gravity-eliminated position

Prone with arms by side

Scapular Elevation muscle palpated

Upper trapezius

Scapular Depression MMT against gravity position

Prone with arm in Y

Scapular Depression MMT gravity-eliminated position

N/A

Scapular Depression muscle palpated

Lower trapezius

Scapular Protraction MMT against gravity position

Supine with elbow to sky and hand by shoulder

Scapular Protraction MMT gravity-eliminated position

Seated with upper arm supported by table and extended straight out in front

Scapular Protraction muscle palpated

Serratus anterior

Scapular Retraction MMT against gravity position

Prone with arm in goalpost position

Scapular Retraction MMT gravity-eliminated position

Seated with upper arm supported by table and in goalpost position

Scapular Retraction muscle palpated

Middle & lower trapezius

Shoulder Flexion MMT against gravity position

Sitting upright

Shoulder Flexion MMT gravity-eliminated position

Laying on side with arm supported by therapist

Shoulder Flexion muscle palpated

Anterior deltoid

Shoulder Extension MMT against gravity position

Prone with arm by side

Shoulder Extension MMT gravity-eliminated position

Laying on side with arm supported by therapist

Shoulder Extension muscle palpated

Posterior deltoid

Shoulder Abduction MMT against gravity position

Sitting upright

Shoulder Abduction MMT gravity-eliminated position

Supine

Shoulder Abduction muscle palpated

Middle deltoid

Shoulder ER MMT against gravity position

Prone with arm out to side and forearm hanging downward off table; towel underneath distal humerus

Shoulder ER MMT gravity-eliminated position

Prone with entire arm hanging off table

Shoulder ER muscle palpated

Infraspinatus

Shoulder IR MMT against gravity position

Prone with arm out to side and forearm hanging downward off table; towel underneath distal humerus

Shoulder IR MMT gravity-eliminated position

Prone with entire arm hanging off table

Shoulder IR muscle palpated

Subscapularis

Scapular elevation

Upper trapezius

Scapular depression

Lower trapezius

Scapular protraction

Serratus anterior

Scapular retraction

Middle & lower trapezius

Shoulder flexion

Anterior deltoid

Shoulder extension

Posterior deltoid

Shoulder abduction

Middle deltoid

Shoulder external rotation

Infraspinatus

Shoulder internal rotation

Subscapularis

Normal shoulder flexion ROM

0-180°

Normal shoulder extension ROM

0-60°

Normal shoulder abduction ROM

0-180°

Normal shoulder internal rotation ROM

0-70°

Normal shoulder external rotation ROM

0-90°

Shoulder flexion goniometer fulcrum

Greater tubercle

Shoulder extension goniometer fulcrum

Greater tubercle

Shoulder abduction goniometer fulcrum

Anterior acromion

Shoulder IR goniometer fulcrum

Olecranon process

Shoulder ER goniometer fulcrum

Olecranon process