Stoichiometry, Limiting Reactants, and Yields

Vocabulary flashcards covering stoichiometry concepts including limiting reactants, excess reagents, theoretical yield, actual yield, and percent yield.

Limiting Reactant Problem

A stoichiometry problem identified by having known initial quantities for all reactants, requiring a calculation to determine which reactant will be consumed first and restrict product formation.

Urea to $NH_3$ Molar Ratio

The stoichiometric mole ratio derived from the reaction coefficients, consisting of $1\,mole$ of urea for every $2\,moles$ of $NH_3$.

Excess Reagent Calculation

A stoichiometric comparison made directly between reactants (reactant-to-reactant) to determine how much of a non-limiting reactant is required to fully react with the limiting reactant.

Theoretical Yield

The maximum calculated obtainable yield of product expected from an ideal chemical reaction based on the starting amount of the limiting reactant.

Actual Yield

The specific amount of product that is physically obtained, measured, or released during an actual laboratory experiment.

Percent Yield

A measure of the efficiency of a reaction, calculated using the equation $\text{Percent Yield} = \left(\frac{\text{Actual Yield}}{\text{Theoretical Yield}}\right) \times 100$.