Anatomy Lab Final

Eye/Ear, Brain/Cranial Spinal Nerves, Heart/Circulatory System

dura mater

Parts: Periosteal layer, Meningeal layer, Falx cerebri & cerebelli, Tentorium cerebelli

periosteal layer

outer layer of dura mater; attach to skull

meningeal layer

falx cerebri

vertical fold of the meningeal layer; seperate left and right cerebrum in upper cranium

falx cerebelli

vertical fold of the meningeal layer; seperate left and right cerebrum in lower cranium

tentorium cerebelli

crescent-shaped fold of the dura mater; covers posterior cranial fossa

arachnoid mater

“spider-like”

pia mater

Follow each gyrus and sulcus

gyrus

fold in cerebral cortex; increases surface area

sulcus

shallow groove between elevations

cerebrum

Organization: cerebral cortex, white matter, basal nuclei

diencephalon

Major brain region

thalamus

Part of diencephalon

hypothalamus

part of diencephalon

pituitary gland, optic chiasm, olfactory bulb; homeostasis and hormones

epithalamus

part of diencephalon, pineal gland

central sulcus

Seperate frontal and parietal

longitudinal fissure (large sulcus)

separates hemispheres

transverse fissure

separates cerebrum and cerebellum

frontal lobe

parietal lobe

occipital lobe

temporal lobe

Brocas area

Wernickes area

understanding spoken and written language

Primary motor area

precentral gyrus located here

Primary somatosensory area

postcentral gyrus located here

Primary auditory area

primary olfactory area

pink area

Primary visual area

medulla oblongata

part of brain stem: respiratory and cardiovascular control

pons

midbrain

part of brain stem: reflex centers for visual and auditory stimuli

corpora quadrigemina

on dorsal roof of midbrain

superior colliculi - visual & spatial tracking

inferior colliculi - auditory processing

cerebellum

vermis

arbor vitae

White matter

Cerebellar cortex

outer layer; tightly folded gray matter

corpus callosum

bridge between hemispheres to share information

lateral ventricles

in each cerebral hemisphere

third ventricle

cerebral aqueduct

connect 3rd ventricle to 4th ventricle

fourth ventricle

between pons and cerebellum

Pituitary gland

Optic chiasm

Olfactory bulb

Infundibulum

pituitary stalk

olfactory nerve

optic nerve

oculomotor nerve

trochlear nerve

trigeminal nerve

facial sensation (sensory); facial expressions (motor)

abducens nerve

facial nerve

auditory nerve

glossopharyngeal nerve

vagus nerve

spinal accessory nerve

head and shoulder movement (motor)

hypoglossal nerve

cervical enlargement

C5 to T1; House motor and sensory neurons to control/sense shoulders, arms, hands

lumbar enlargement

L2 to S3; House extra s/m to get input from lower limbs and pelvis

Cauda equina

L2-S5; house peripheral nerves floating in CNS

conus medullaris

spinal cord ends in

spinal cord cross section

Info not from lecture:

lateral portions - sensory and motor

columns - major data ways

commissure - connect left and right halves

sclera

iris

cornea

outer clear layer

lens

pupil

ciliary body

green portion

conjunctiva

superior oblique of eye

superior rectus of eye

inferior rectus of eye

medial rectus of eye

lateral rectus of eye

inferior oblique of eye

optic nerve

vitreous body

choroid

retina

fovea

optic disc/papilla

blind spot

aqueous humor

auricle/pinna

external auditory canal

tympanic membrane

eardrum

malleus

hammer

incus

anvil

stapes

stirrups

semicircular canal

internal auditory canal

cochlea

auditory/eustachian tube

vestibular nerve

square blank

cochlear nerve

apex of heart

base of heart

mediastinum

space between the lungs

epicardium

visceral layer of pericardium

myocardium

cardiac muscle tissue