4. Allele Combinations

Allele

Different forms of a gene that determine specific traits or patterns of inheritance.

Autosomal Dominant

A pattern where an affected parent always passes on a trait to offspring; the trait does not skip generations and affects males and females equally.

Autosomal Recessive

A pattern where two copies of an abnormal gene must be present for the trait to develop; often appears in children of unaffected heterozygous parents.

Biotechnology

The use of biological systems or living organisms to create or modify products and processes (e.g., medical, agricultural, or industrial uses).

Consanguinity

A union or marriage between closely related individuals, such as first cousins, which increases the risk of recessive genetic disorders.

Dihybrid Inheritance

A pattern of inheritance involving two different traits.

Genomics

The comprehensive study of whole sets of genes (genomes) and how they interact with one another.

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an individual, often deduced using pedigree charts and phenotypic data.

Hemophilia

An X linked recessive trait. A rare, inherited medical condition where the blood cannot clot properly because it lacks enough clotting factor proteins

Monohybrid Inheritance

A pattern of inheritance involving a single trait.

Pedigree Chart

A diagram showing the occurrence and appearance (phenotype) of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors from one generation to the next.

Phenotype

The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an individual, determined by their genotype.

Sex linked Inheritance

the passing of traits or disorders through genes located on the sex chromosomes, which are the X and Y chromosomes.

X-linked Dominant

A dominant allele that is passed on through the X chromosome. The trait usually appears on every generation.

X-linked

An allele that is passed on through the X chromosome. Affects a specific gender more often than others, typically males, due to their single X chromosome.