Human and Physical Geography

Agriculture

People need food and water to love

People live where food can be grown

Enough water , moderate climate , good soil

Water

People need water to live

Use it for transportation (canoe,cargo ships )

Irrigation ( farming)

industry ( factories )

Personal use ( cook,clean,drink)

Historical

Areas where settlement has historically occurred are still growing today ex.French- ST.Lawrence River -Quebec

→ British -Lake Ontario-Toronto/Niagara

→ Immigration from Europe → Canada after ww2

Political

→ government policies can encourage or discourage settlement

ex.China→ one child policy → encouraged people to move

→ unites states→ ppl moved because they didn’t agree ( DT,ICE)

Refuges→ moved because of fear (war)

Economic

→ people want to live where economic opportunities exist (jobs)

→ an important part of the economy is natural resources

ex.Sudbury,On→mining copper, nickel and platinum

→ fort McMurray,AB→ oil sounds deposit

Natural disasters

→ people either move away or prepare if they are settled somewhere with natural disasters

ex. house on stilts/no basement →floods

→ storm cellars →twisters/tornado’s

→special design of pillows in buildings→ earthquake

Audit

Details inspection to verify something is complying with requirements

Birth rate

Number of lives births per thousands → in a year

Carbon footprint

Person/ group uses fossils fuels → amount of Co2 emitted

Community

Group of people who share space. They might also share religious / cultural beliefs

Death rate

Number of deaths per thousand → in a year

Demographics

Population statistics for a certain area (age,income)

Density

Population-# of people per square kilometre of area

Doubling time

Amount of time it takes for a population to double its size

Linear

When settlement has been established in a line like pattern (eg.,Windsor to Quebec City corridor in Canada

Scattered

When settlement has established in an area where living conditions make it difficult to support large numbers of people (eg,. Northern Canada )

Clustered

When settlements have been established very close other ,with people living together (eg,. greater Toronto area )

Sparse population density

14 lower

Moderate population density

15-149/

Dense population density

150 and up

Choropleth map

Map that is mainly made of couponing to show the data for different areas ex. Money in a area

Population density calculations

Population ➗area in kilometres2 rounded to the nearest whole number

GIS

A geographic information system or Gis is a computer system that connects data to maps ex.location

GPS

A Global Positioning System or GPS is a satellite based system that helps is navigate around the world

Equator

An invisible line that goes from E to W→ divides the earth into North and South

Fossil fuels

None-renewable energy source that forms naturally from remains of plants and animals

Geography

Study of earth and what has taken place on it

Land reclamation

When new land is created from bodies of water/disturbed land

Latitude

Meassurment from E to W (degree) measurement from the prime Mediterranean

Longitude

Measurement from N to S (degrees) Meassurment from equation

Map

Image/drawing of an area ,provides information (roads,cities,forests etc)

Migration

Movement of people from one area to another (jobs,war,economy,education

Population

All the people who live in a certain area

Prime meridian

invisible line that runs N to S ( divides the earth into Eastern and Western hemisphere

Rural.

Settlement away from an urban centre (country side)

Settlement

Place of community where people work, live , play

Suburban

Settlement in a semi urban location , just put side of an urban centre eg Mississauga

Sustainability

When humans use the environment in a way that ensures resources are available for future generations

Urban

Settlement in an urban centre ( city ) eg Toronto

Push factor

A negative condition or circumstance that drives people away from their home region or country (e.g., war, poverty, natural disasters, lack of resources).

Pull factor

A positive condition or circumstance that attracts people to relocate to a new area (e.g., job opportunities, safety, fertile land, better living conditions).

Natural increase rate

The pace of population change driven strictly by reproductive dynamics rather than migration:$\text{Birth Rate} - \text{Death Rate}$

Carrying capacity

The maximum population size that an environment can sustainably support over time without depleting essential resources.

Infrastructure

The essential physical and organizational structures required for a community to function, including roads, power grids, water supply, and public transit.