Ch 10 and 12 Terms - Patho

Akinesia

inability to move

Bradykinesia

slowed movement associated with initiation of movement or sudden halting of movement

Clonic

rapid successions of alternating muscle contraction and relaxation

Decerebrate posturing

increased extensor muscle excitability caused by neurologic injury

Decorticate posturing

increased flexor muscle excitability caused by neurologic injury

Demyelination

degradation of myelin (the fatty, insulating tissue surrounding some nerves)

Depolarization

the cell’s interior becomes less negative (more positive) due to the entry of positively charged ions

Dyskinetic

inability to control muscle movement

Exacerbation

a period in which symptoms flare and can be severe

Nystagmus

involuntary, irregular oscillations of the eye

Papilledema

swelling of the optic nerve at the back of the eye

Paresthesia

abnormal sensation, such as burning, pricking, tickling, or tingling

Spastic

increased muscle tone with exaggerated tendon reflexes

Tonic

state of continuous muscle contraction

Tonic-clonic seizures

a seizure that has a tonic phase followed by clonic muscle contractions

Transillumination

technique using a shining light to view accumulations of fluid

Tremors

repetitive, often regular, oscillatory movements

Accommodation

ability of the eye lens to change its shape

Amblyopia

reduced vision in one eye caused by abnormal visual development; one eye wanders inward or outward (“lazy eye”)

Analgesia

the inability to feel pain while remaining conscious

Astigmatism

irregular curvature of the cornea or lens preventing focusing of images causing blurred vision

Aura

a group of sensory disturbances that act as a warning sign before a medical event like a migraine or epileptic seizure

Barotrauma

injury resulting from the inability of the ear to equalize pressure

Cerumen

secretion by glands in the ear; earwax

Diplopia

resulting from a lack of coordination of the extraocular muscles; may result in double vision

Drusen

small, yellow lipid deposits that accumulate under the retina

Gustation

the sensation of taste

Hyperopia

error in refraction commonly referred to as farsightedness

Myopia

error in refraction; commonly known as nearsightedness

Neurogenic

pain originating within the nervous system

Neuropathic

damage or disease within the somatosensory nervous system

Olfaction

sense of smell

Otorrhea

fluid or discharge that comes out of the ear

Presbyopia

condition of farsightedness associated with aging

Tinnitus

ringing or whistling in the ears

Vertigo

a false sensation that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving when everything is completely still