Abnormal Psych exam 2

Metacognitive theory

people with anxiety hold both positive and negative beliefs about worrying

intolerance of uncertainty theory

some people cannot tolerate the knowledge that negative events may occur, even if the possibility is small

avoidance theory

people with this disorder have greater bodily arousal than other people and worrying reduces this arousal by distracting the individual from their unpleasant physical feelings

culturally adapted CBT

assessment includes discussion of recent circumstances and past adversities, incorporates strengths and values, along with faith/ spiritual connections

obsession

persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses or images that invade a person’s consciousness

compulsion

repetitive and rigid behaviors/ mental acts that people feel they must perform in order to prevent/ reduce anxiety

obsessive-compulsive-related disorders

hoarding disorder, trichotillomania, excoriation, body dysmorphia 

Dissociative Fugue

a form of dissociative amnesia in which people travel to a new location and may assume a new identity, simultaneously forgetting their past

dissociative identity disorder

a dissociative disorder in which a person develops two or more distinct personalities

Depersonalization

person feels detached from themselves, feel like they’re seeing themselves from the outside

Derealization

a person feels disconnected from the real world

localized amnesia

someone loses all memory about life in a specific time period (most common)

selective amnesia

a person has pieces of the memory, but not the full memory

generalized amnesia

memory loss about event + time before 

continuous amnesia

unable to form new memories

mutually amnesic

an interaction among sub personalities where none of the personalities are aware of each other

mutually cognizant

an interaction among sub personalities of DID where all the personalities know about the others

one-way amnesia

an interaction among sub personalities of DID where some personalities know about the others (most common)

sympathetic nervous system

activates fight or flight response

parasympathetic nervous system

helps return the heart rates and body processes to normal

12 month: 3%, lifetime: 6-9%

What are the 12-month and lifetime prevalence rates for GAD

50% more females are diagnosed with GAD, more common I high-income coutries, white people, LGBTQ

How does the risk of GAD differ by sex, age, and racial/ethnic factors? 

57-77%

what percentage of patients were considered “recovered” after 2 years of cognitive behavioral therapy?

meta-worrying

people recognize that worrying is bad for them so they worry about how much they worry

12-month: 1.2%, lifetime: 2.3%

What are the 12-month and lifetime prevalence rates for OCD?

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress route

brain body stress route that is involved in arousal and produces corticosteroids; if it’s overactive it can put people at the risk of developing GAD or PTSD

cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit (CSTC)

this brain circuit has roles in reward based learning and impulse control. If it is overactive it can put people at a higher risk of OCD

exposure and response prevention

a treatment for OCD where the client is directly exposed to the things that make them anxious and then prevented from doing compulsive behaviors