Veg 2

1. alternate simple leaves, shape highly variated (serrated/lobed/both)

2. reddish brown twigs with thorns

3. yellow, red, or black fruit

hawthorn

Crataegus spp.

Rosaceae

1. alternate serrated leaves, bottom lighter than top

2. crinkly, shredded bark when old

3. fruit are round pomes

common apple

Malus pumila

Rosaceae

1. alternate oval leaves, serrated on edges

2. prickles

3. rose hips fruit green then turns reddish orange

wild rose

Rosa spp.

Rosaceae

1. alternate simple ovalish leaves, sharply and finely serrated

2. base of leaf can be heart shaped

3. bark is grayish with white fungus/lichen splotches

serviceberry

Amelanchier spp.

Rosaceae

1. subopposite, crenulate/scalloped margins, arcuate venation

2. dark brown bark and pointy small buds, terminal bud replaced by thorn

3. fruits are droops, dark green then turn black

common buckthorn

Rhamnus cathartica

Rhamnaceae

1. alternate, simple, oblong, glossy/shiny leaves

2. arcuate venation, smooth margin

3. gray bark w/ white lenticels, no thorns

glossy buckthorn

Frangula alnus

Rhamnaceae

1. opposite simple leaves w/ entire margins

2. oval elongated leaves, wider at top, rounded tip

3. shreddy when old, loose strands of bark

American fly honeysuckle

Lonicera canadensis

Caprifoliaceae

1. narrow to wide to sharp tip leaves, lots of size variation

2. usually entire margins

3. twigs green then turn reddish brown

Japanese barberry

Berberis thunbergii

Berberidaceae

1. oblong leaves end in point, widest point 2/3 from petiole

2. fine serrated margins, red petioles

3. reddish purple then black droops

choke cherry

Prunus virginiana

Rosaceae

1. mostly straight trunk, lenticels oblong horizontally - bright orange

2. alternate oblong leaves

3. bright red fruits are droops

pin cherry

Prunus pensylvanica

Roasaceae

1. big hand shaped leaves, edges scraggly with points

2. stems don’t have prickles

3. red fruit is aggregate of drooplets

thimbleberry

Rubus parviflorus

Rosaceae

1. compound (11-17 leaflets) oval/lanceolate leaf, sharply serrated margins

2. pretty smooth bark, orangey/tan lenticels

3. fruit is bright orange cluster of pomes

mountain-ash

Sorbus spp.

Rosaceae

1. alternate leaves, compound (3-6 leaflets)

2. really light underside of leaves, serrated margins

3. purply-red stems w/ prickles

wild red raspberry

Rubus idaeus

Rosaceae

1. compound leaves, drawn out oval shape

2. multiple stems (trunk)

3. fruit clusters always upright

elderberry

Sabucus spp.

Caprifoliaceae

1. alternate, simple, elongated oval leaves

2. veins end in sharp teeth

3. twigs are purplish brown

American chestnut

Castanea dentata

Fagaceae

1. leaves heart shaped

2. dentate (teeth) margins

3. leaves hairy

large-leaved aster

Eurybia macrophylla

Asteraceae

1. needle ends in sharp point (nucronate)

2. shreddy bright tan bark

3. bright red aril (modified cone)

Canada yew

Taxus canadensis

Taxaceae

1. pinnae finely toothed (dainty/feathery)

2. scales on bottom of stipe dark brown

3. dark brown eye brow shaped sori on underside of pinnae

common lady fern

Athyrium filix-femina

Dryopteridaceae

1. baby

2. pinnae split into 3 equal parts (120 degrees between each frond)

3. small circular sori towards edges of pinnules

oak fern

Gymnocarpium dryopteris

Dryopteridaceae

1. leaves have parallel venation

2. leaves heart shaped with entire margins

3. pale speckled red berry

Canada mayflower

Maianthemum canadense

Liliaceae

1. 5-9 leaves (usually 7, lucky number), all different sizes, star shaped whorl on top of stem

2. leaves have entire margins and taper at base

3. dusty grayish-blue fruit super tiny, spherical with 5 segments

starflower

Trientalis borealis

Primulaceae

1. whorl of 3 equilateral leaves at top of stalk

2. widest part of leaf in middle ends in sharp point, entire margins (sometimes wavey), venation from bottom of leaf

3. bright red 6-sided fruit hangs below leaves, ripens in summer

trillium

Trillium spp.

Liliaceae

1. 3-5 leaflets per leaf

2. margins serrated

3. shape of leaves vary a lot

wild sarsaparilla

Aralia nudicaulis

Araliaceae

1. vase shape, clump/a lot coming up at once

2. lanceolate pinnae, pinnules have coarse teeth on margin

3. tan scales at bottom of stipe, little tan circle sori on back

shield fern

Dryopteris carthusiana

Dryopteridaceae

1. last 2 pinnae go backwards

2. light tan circular sori towards edge of pinnae on underside

3. fronds are triangular, taper to sharp long point

long beech fern

Phegopteris connectilis

Thelypteridaceae

1. compound frond splits at top

2. pinnules have smooth margins, venation looks like fountain

3. sori tan/brown lines on underside edges of pinnules

bracken fern

Pteridium aquilinum

Dennstaedtiaceae

1. sprouts out from middle and spills over

2. fronds have break with chocolatey brown spores

3. pinnules have entire margins with deep lobes

interrupted fern

Osmunda claytoniana

Osmundaceae

1. simple alternate leaves not same size

2. leaves coarsely toothed to crenate (scalloped)

3. orangish yellow flower with red spotting dangles from own axil (little stem)

jewelweed

Impatiens capensis

Balsaminaceae

1. parallel venation

2. leaves very elongated, taper near base

3. dark blue spherical berries cluster on top of stalk

bluebead lily

Clintonia borealis

Liliaceae

1. red petioles and stems, white lenticels

2. opposite leaves turn red in fall, ends in a pair

3. broccoli form fruit, droops turn white in Aug & Sep

red-osier dogwood

Cornus sericea

Cornaceae

1. simple, alternate, spatulated leaves w/ very small teeth

2. fine twigs brown to purple color w/ small scattered white lenticels

3. cluster of buds

bog myrtle

Myrica gale

Myricaceae

1. little notch at end of leaflet, alternate, pinnately compound, ovate leaves w/ entire margins, 7-19 leaflets

2. stout ridged twigs, spines next to buds, ridged v-like shaped, light brown bark

3. smaller, dark brown, flat fruits like long bean pod

black locust

Robinia pseudoacacia

Fabaceae

1. opposite compound leaves (7-11 leaflets), base connects right to stem

2. twigs stout, lightest gray, dark chocolate chip bud, corky bark when old

3. singular samara as fruit

black ash

Fraxinus nigra

Oleaceae

1. Compound leaf (3), 2 close 1 on longer petiole, large dentate margins

2. green in summer, yellowish in fall, petioles green or red, shiny cast on leaves

3. white berries for fruit, naked bud

poison-ivy

Toxicodendron rydbergii

Anacardiaceae

1. opposite, palmately lobed (3) wrinkly leaves w/ dentate margins, in fall turn yellow red and purple

2. stem is green-tan w/ no thorns, reddish pinkish greenish bark

3. buds green, droop fruit orange, bright red when ripe

highbush cranberry

Viburnum opulus

Caprifoliaceae

1. opposite leaves, pinnately compound, 7-9 leaflets per lead

2. leaves ovate, big serrations on margin, petiolate leaflets

3. stout twig, glabrous, purply brown/gray, raised lenticels

white ash

Fraxinus americana

Oleaceae

1. lots of stems, angled 4-sided twigs

2. opposite, simple, ovate leaves w/ entire margins, blueish tint, lighter on bottom

3. dry capsule fruit

common lilac

Syringa vulgaris

Oleaceae

1. several stems, dark-bronzy green bark w/ lenticels and ridges

2. alternate, simple, oval leaves w/ doubly serrated margins

3. female catkin looks cone-like, male dangles down

tag alder

Alnus incana

Betulaceae

1. bases of leaves uneven, nutlet peduncle & bract

2. alternate, big, cordate leaves w/ serrate margins & sharp point

3. reddish brown then gray twigs, bark ridges parallel

American basswood

Tilia americana

Tiliaceae

1. alternate, simple, oval leaves w/ arcuate venation turn purply red in fall

2. branches grow parallel to ground, curl up right at end

3. grows into tall shrub/small tree

pagoda dogwood

Cornus alternifolia

Cornaceae

1. leaves 3 in whorl at top, T-shaped, oval, widest at middle, point at end

2. smooth margin looks bordered, veins form scalloped shape

3. green berries in cluster, bright red when ripe

Jack-in-the-pulpit

Arisaema triphyllum

Araceae

1. compound, opposite, pinnately compound (7-9 leaflets), lanceolate

2. fuzzy/pubescent everywhere, twigs green then brown

3. fruit is a singular samara in clumps

green ash

Fraxinus pennsylvanica

Oleaceae

paper birch

Betula papyrifera

Betulaceae

yellow birch

Betula alleghaniensis

Betulaceae

eastern hemlock

Tsuga canadensis

Pinaceae

beaked hazelnut

Corylus cornuta

Betulaceae

ironwood

Ostrya virginiana

Betulaceae

bunchberry

Cornus canadensis

Cornaceae

wintergreen

Gaultheria procumbens

Ericaceae

tree groundpine

Dendrolycopodium spp.

Lycopodiaceae

clubmoss

Lycopodium spp.

Lycopodiaceae

Michigan holly

Ilex verticillata

Aquifoliaceae

blueberry

Vaccinium spp.

Ericaceae

Labrador tea

Ledum groenlandicum

Ericaceae

black spruce

Picea mariana

Pinaceae

tamarack

Larix laricina

Pinaceae

purple pitcher plant

Sarracenia purpurea

Sarraceniaceae