lecture 2: outline 10

What’s a better way to intake estrogen replacement (a steroid hormone-lipid soluble)

Through a patch, a slow consistent release.

With pills you can forget or accidentally take too much

When people with osteoporosis break a hip they break their

Femur: Surgical neck or intertrochanteric line.

Age span versus health span

Research is going on to close the gap between age span and health span to improve quality of life as you get older.

As you get older you’ll get issues like__ (aside from osteoporosis) that makes it easier to break something

Osteopenia- weakening of bone tissue

Sarcopenia-weakening of muscle mass

Lose vestibular acuity- responsible for sense of balance

Gerontology

General medicine for elderly people. The opposite, for young people, is pediatrics.

Pituitary dwarfis

Pituitary secretes too little growth hormone (necessary but not sufficient). Treatment- Injection of authentic human GH during growing years. Example; general Tom Thumb or Thomas Straven a famous entertainer. Or Leonel Messi, soccer player.

How can you help pituitary dwarfism

Go to a pediatric endocrinologist. Drug companies make authentic growth hormones in the laboratory

Achondroplastic dwarfism

Mutation of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor. Lack of hyalin cartilage in the epiphyseal growth plate. Highly affects long bones. Ex: Peter Dinklage. You have a regular sized head but short arms and legs

Treatment: None*

The culprit of why the epiphyseal plate doesn’t grow

The _factors fibroblast growth factor is fine but the receptor is not, there’s a mutation in the gene that encodes it.

Cretinism (chronic iodine deficiency syndrome)

Low thyroid hormone during early infancy/toddler stage-short stature/ cognitive deficit.

Etiology of cretinism

The core cause is the lack of thyroid hormone. A neonatologist can find the lack of thyroid hormone in a blood test and replace it

cretinism (chronic iodine deficiency syndrome) in kids is called

Rickets: caused by and vitamin d and or calcium deficiency. You can’t pull calcium in the bloodstream. This is difficult for osteoblasts to build bone. So you’ll have organic matrix, but not enough to make hydroxy appetite (inorganic matrix). Zone of ossification and calcification will be soft-this will cause thickness in the epiphyseal plate.

How do you fix rickets

Give them calcium or vitamin d supplements

When you vitamin D3 your having

cholecalciferol.

Thyroid hormone is important for

Body growth and brain growth (without it you get cognitive impairment). It’s a permissive hormone that boosts hormone IGF.

Gigantism and or Acromegaly

Pituitary adenoma, too much GH (somatotropin) secretion.  Surgical and/or drug/hormone therapy. Gigantism is caused by a tumor on the pituitary, so you’ll can produce too much growth hormones (somatotrophs)

Gigantism also causes

Growth in facial bones, and organs

You can get acromegaly with or without

Gigantism. You can get a tumor later on in life, so you’ll have features of gigantism (large facial bones, ears, metacarpals) but not the tall height

Surgical treatment that can target the pituitary

Transsphenoid surgery

A person you want operating on the pituitary gland. Father of modern neurosurgery. First to operate on the pituitary gland and remove tumors

Harvey Cushing

Adenoma

Benign tumor (of hormone prodding cells) in a gland that produces too much