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ICU nurse

The ________ is caring for a patient who experienced trauma in a workplace accident.

CNS disturbances

________ are found in extreme hyponatremia and fluid overload.

Acute respiratory acidosis

________ occurs in emergency situations, such as pulmonary edema, and is exhibited by hypoventilation and decreased PaCO2.

hyperchloremia

If untreated, ________ can lead to a decrease in cardiac output, dysrhythmias, and coma.

sympathetic nervous system

As the ________ is stimulated, aldosterone is released in response to an increased release of renin, which decreases urine production.

Metabolic alkalosis B

A) ________) Hypermagnesemia C) Hypercalcemia D) Hypovolemia Ans: D Feedback: Third- spacing fluid shift, which occurs when fluid moves out of the intravascular space but not into the intracellular space, can cause hypovolemia.

Urinary retention

________ does normally cause confusion.

C

________) Oxygen may cause the patient to hyperventilate and become acidotic.

nasogastric tube

A(n) ________ placed upon admission has been on low intermittent suction ever since.

Metastases B

A) ________) Excessive potassium intake C) Water intoxication D) Excessive administration of chloride Ans: D Feedback: Normal anion gap acidosis results from the direct loss of bicarbonate, as in diarrhea, lower intestinal fistulas, ureterostomies, and use of diuretics; early renal insufficiency; excessive administration of chloride; and the administration of parenteral nutrition without bicarbonate or bicarbonate- producing solutes (e.g., lactate)

Confusion

________ is never normal, common, or expected in the elderly.

Tachypnea

________; weakness; lethargy; deep, rapid respirations; diminished cognitive ability; and hypertension occur.

Hypophosphatemia

________ creates central nervous dysfunction, resulting in seizures and coma.

Hypermagnesemia

________ creates hypoactive reflexes and somnolence.

B

________) Dehydration causes the skin to appear spongy.

metabolic component

The pH bicarbonate more closely corresponds with a decrease in pH, making the ________ the primary problem.

Active transport

________ is the movement of molecules against the concentration gradient and requires adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an energy source; this process typically takes place at the cellular level and is not involved in vascular volume changes.

random movement of ions

It occurs through the ________ and molecules.

Air emboli B

A) ________) Phlebitis C) Infiltration D) Fluid overload Ans: C Feedback: Infiltration is the administration of nonvesicant solution or medication into the surrounding tissue.

Ans

________: B Feedback: In elderly patients, the clinical manifestations of fluid and electrolyte disturbances may be subtle or atypical.

left atrium

The baroreceptors, located in the ________ and in the carotid and aortic arches, respond to changes in the circulating blood volume and regulate sympathetic and parasympathetic neural activity as well as endocrine activities.

Osmosis

________ occurs when two different solutions are separated by a membrane that is impermeable to the dissolved substances; fluid shifts through the membrane from the region of low solute concentration to the region of high solute concentration until the solutions are of equal concentration.

medical ICU

The nurse in the ________ is caring for a patient who is in respiratory acidosis due to inadequate ventilation.

Tetany

________ is the most characteristic manifestation of hypomagnesemia, and this scenario does not mention ________.

symptoms of hypophosphatemia

Signs or ________ are mainly neurologic.

IV

The ________ is patent and infusing at 125 mL /hr.

Diffusion

________ is the movement of solutes from an area of greater concentration to lesser concentration; the solutes in an intact vascular system are unable to move so ________ normally should not be taking place.

Potassium depletion

________ suppresses the release of insulin and results in glucose intolerance.

Active transport implies that energy

________ must be expended for the movement to occur against a concentration gradient.

Acute kidney injury

________ is likely to cause a more significant increase in serum creatinine.

Dehydration

________ occurs with nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and calcium reabsorption at the proximal renal tubule.

nurse caring

The ________ for a patient post colon resection is assessing the patient on the second postoperative day.

Air emboli

________, phlebitis, and fluid overload are not indications of infiltration.

calcium

Increased ________ and magnesium levels are not indicators of third- spacing fluid shift.

emergency room

You are a(n) ________ nurse caring for a trauma patient.

bicarbonate

The ________ is low, which causes acidosis.

gerontologic nurse

A(n) ________ is teaching students about the high incidence and prevalence of dehydration in older adults.

metabolic alkalosis

The nurse is caring for a patient in ________.

D

________) The kidneys regulate the bicarbonate level in the intracellular fluid.

muscle strength

Decreased ________ and DTRs can be found on physical assessment.

gastric suction

Vomiting, ________, and pyloric stenosis all remove potassium and can cause hypokalemia.

HCO3

The ________ of 24 is within the normal range so it is not metabolic alkalosis.

Carbonic acid

________ works as the chemical medium to exchange O2 and CO2 in the lungs to maintain a stable pH whereas the kidneys use bicarbonate as the chemical medium to maintain a stable pH by moving and eliminating H+.

Diffusion B

A) ________) Osmosis C) Active transport D) Filtration Ans: A Feedback: Diffusion is the natural tendency of a substance to move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.

Respiratory acidosis B

A) ________) Metabolic alkalosis C) Respiratory alkalosis D) Mixed acid- base disorder Ans: D Feedback: Patients can simultaneously experience two or more independent acid- base disorders.

Nutritional status B

A) ________) Potassium balance C) Calcium balance D) Fluid volume status Ans: D Feedback: A specific gravity will detect if the patient has a fluid volume deficit or fluid volume excess.

carrots

Apples, ________, and asparagus are not high in potassium.

enzyme converts

Angiotensin- converting ________ angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

number of dissolved particles

The ________ in a unit of blood is concerned with osmolality.

process of respiration

When describing the ________ the nurse explains how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the pulmonary capillaries and the alveoli.

Your patient has the following arterial blood gas results

pH 7.26, PaCO2 28, HCO3 11 mEq/L

The ABG has the following values

pH 7.21, PaCO2 64 mm Hg, HCO3 = 24 mm Hg

A normal pH in the presence of changes in the PaCO2 and plasma HCO3

concentration immediately suggests a mixed disorder, making the other options incorrect