Exercise 23 & 24 special senses: visual anatomy and visual experiments

identify this structure and its function

structure: Lacrimal glands

function: produces tears

what enzyme does the Lacrimal glands contain?

contains the antimicrobial enzyme

identify this structure and its function

structure; excretory ducts

function: Several small ducts that continually liberate tears from the lacrimal gland

identify this structure

structure: Lacrimal canaliculi

identify this structure

lacrimal punctum (open at corner of eye)

identify this structure

lacrimal sac

identify this structure

nasolacrimal duct

identify this structure

palpebrae (DO NOT CALL IT EYELID)

identify this structure and function

Lateral commissure

• where the eyelid meet laterally

identify this structure and function

medial commissure

• where the eyelids meet medially

identify this structure and function

caruncle

• fleshy raised are at the medial commissure, produces a whitish, oily secretion

identify this structure

eyelashes

describe what a ciliary glands is

Modified sweat/sebaceous gland found in between the eyelash follicles

• Secretes an oily substance that helps lubricate the surface of the eye

what’s a stye

Acute inflammation of a ciliary gland

describe what a tarsal gland is

Modified sebaceous gland posterior to the eyelashes

• Secretes an oily substance that helps lubricate the surface of the eye

describe what conjunctiva is

It is a mucous membrane that secretes mucus that lubricates the eye

identify this structure

palpebral conjunctiva

• lines the internal surface of the eyelid

identify this structure

bulbar conjunctiva

• Lines anterior surface of the eyeball to its junction with the corneal epithelium

what is conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the conjunctiva

identify this structure, action, and cranial nerve #

Lateral rectus

• moves eye laterally / VI (abducens)

identify this structure, action, and cranial nerve #

Medial rectus

• moves eye medially / III (oculomotor)

identify this structure, action, and cranial nerve #

Superior rectus

• elevates eye and turns it medially / III (oculomotor)

identify this structure, action, and cranial nerve #

Inferior rectus

• depresses eye and turns it medially / III (oculomotor)

identify this structure, action, and cranial nerve #

inferior oblique

• extorsion; roll eye laterally / III (oculomotor)

identify this structure, action, and cranial nerve #

Superior oblique

• Intorsion; roll eye medially IV (trochlear)

Identify this structure

Superior oblique tendon

identify this structure

sclera (posterior)

• white of the eye

Identify this structure

Pupil

identify this structure

Cornea (anterior)

• transparent, anterior most portion

what structure is this and what’s its function

structure: iris

function:regulates the amount of light entering the eye

what does the circular smooth muscle do

constricts pupil (close vision, bright light)

what does the radial smooth muscle do

dilate pupil (distant visions, dim light)

identify this structure and its function, which is part of the BLANK

ciliary muscle, ciliary body, vascular tunic

• control the shape of the lens

identify this structure and its function

suspensory ligaments

• connect the lens to the ciliary body

identify this structure and its function

ciliary processes

• capillaries that secretes aqueous humor

identify this structure and its function

choroid

• contains dark pigment that prevents light scatter

identify this structure

optic nerve

identify this structure, location, and its function

pigmented layer

• pigmented cells absorb light to prevent light scatter

• Located between the choroid and neural layer

identify this structure and its function

optic disc

• blind spot, where the optic nerve emerges (no rods/cones)

identify this structure and its function

fovea centralis

• pit within the macula, has the highest visual acuity

identify this cell structure and its function

Pigmented part of retina

identify this cell structure and its function

rods

• photoreceptors cells for dim light perceives gray tones

identify this cell structure and its function

cones

• photoreceptors cells for color, need high amount of light

identify this cell structure

bipolar neurons

identify this cell structure and function

ganglion cell

• axons converge and leave the retina as the optic nerve

identify this structure and its function

lens

• crystallin structure held in place by suspensory ligaments attached to the ciliary body

identify this structure and its function

cataracts

• lens becomes hardened and opaque

identify this structure and its function

anterior segment / anterior cavity

• filled with aqueous humor

identify this structure and its function

posterior segment / posterior cavity

• filled with vitreous

Identify this structure

Fovea centralis

Identify this structure

Macula lutea

what is aqueous humor

clear, watery fluid continually formed by the ciliary process

• provides nutrients for lens and cornea / maintains intraocular pressure

identify this structure and its function

scleral venus sinus (canal of schlemm)

• absorbs the aqueous humor

what is a glaucoma

inability to drain aqueous humor resulting in dangerously high intraocular pressure

what is vitreous humor

• gel-like and formed before birth, helps to keep the retina in place

what is this structure of the cow eye

adipose (fatty) cushion

what is this structure of the cow eye

cornea

what is this structure of the cow eye

sclera

what is this structure of the cow eye

optic nerve

what is this structure of the cow eye

extrinsic muscle attachments

what is this structure of the cow eye

ciliary body

what is this structure of the cow eye

lens

what is this structure of the cow eye

optic disc

what is this structure of the cow eye

sclera

what is this structure of the cow eye

retina

what does the vascular tunic contain

• iris

• ciliary body

• choroid

what does the neural tunic (retina) contain

• neural part

• pigmented part

what does the fibrous tunic contain

• cornea

• sclera

identify this structure

ora serrata