Macromolecules

Protein

Made up of amino acids

Protein

Speed up chemical reactions (enzymes-lactase, amylase, catalase)

Protein

Fight infections (antibodies)

Protein

Build (collagen and elastin in skin)

Protein

Build (actin and myosin in muscles)

Protein

Build (keratin in hair and nails)

Protein

Build (crystallin in cornea and lens of eye)

Carbohydrates

Made up of monosaccharides

Carbohydrates

Three types-monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

Carbohydrates

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Ribose, Deoxyribose (monosaccharides)

Carbohydrates

Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose (disaccharides)

Carbohydrates

Found in candy, fruit, vegetables, breads, pasta, potatoes

Carbohydrates

Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Chitin (polysaccharides)

Carbohydrates

Functions include serving as quick energy and helping to build things (DNA/RNA, exoskeleton of insects, plant and fungal cell walls)

Nucleic Acids

Made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (CHONP)

Carbohydrates and Lipids

Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO)

Nucleic Acids

Made up of nucleotides

Nucleic Acids

Two types—DNA and RNA

Nucleic Acids

Carries and transfers genetic info

Lipids

Does not form a polymer

Lipids

Some are composed of glycerol and three fatty acids

Lipids

Triglycerides (Saturated and Unsaturated Fats)

Lipids

Cholesterol, Estrogen, Testosterone (Steroids)

Lipids

Waxes

Lipids

Phospholipids

Protein

Last resort as a source of energy for the cell

Protein

Made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON)

Carbohydrates

Sugars, Starches, Fiber

Carbohydrates

Extra is stored as glycogen and fat in humans

Carbohydrates

Builds the exoskeleton of insects and fungal and plant cell walls

Lipids

Functions include long term energy storage, insulation and protection, communication (hormones), and building (cell membranes)

Protein

Transports oxygen (hemoglobin in blood)

Protein

Shape determines function

Protein

Found in meat, eggs, beans, nuts

Lipids

Found in butter and oils