KNOWT SET 3 — ETHNOGRAPHY

Ethnography

Studying people and culture by observing and learning from everyday life.

Everyday Life

The ordinary activities and experiences people have in their daily lives.

Caughey

Caughey argues that studying everyday life helps us understand how people think and behave.

Participant Observation

A method where researchers observe people while taking part in their activities.

Interviewing

A method of asking people questions to understand their experiences and beliefs.

In-Context Research

Studying people in the real situations where their everyday life happens.

Symbolic Resources

The ideas, symbols, and meanings people use to understand their experiences.

Critical Ethnography

Ethnography that studies culture while also examining power, inequality, and injustice.

Representation

How a researcher describes and presents other people and their experiences.

Positionality

Acknowledging how the researcher's own identity, power, and beliefs affect research.

Reflexivity

Looking at yourself and your own biases while doing research.

Dialogue

An ongoing conversation between the researcher and the people being studied.

The Other

People being studied who are viewed as different from the researcher.

Ethnographic Present

Describing a culture as if it never changes over time.

Theory and Method

Theory helps explain what you study, while method explains how you study it.

Critical Theory

A way of examining hidden power and questioning systems that create inequality.

Madison's Main Idea

Critical ethnography should question power and carefully consider how researchers represent others.

Caughey's Main Idea

Studying everyday life directly can give us a better understanding of culture and human behavior.

Footer et al.

A study that used ethnography to examine what shapes police practices toward street-based female sex workers.

Footer's Methods

The researchers used 280 hours of police observations and 10 interviews with senior police leaders in Baltimore.

Structural Factors

Larger systems, such as criminalization, that can shape people's experiences.

Organizational Factors

Factors inside an organization, such as police goals and practices, that shape behavior.

Community Factors

Local community conditions that can influence policing.

Individual Factors

Personal attitudes, such as stigma, that can influence police behavior.

Footer's Main Finding

Policing was shaped by factors at several levels, not just individual police officers.