Gender and Society Midterm Study Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts, legal bases, gender theories, orientation categories, and cognitive stages from the Gender and Society Midterm Study Notes.

Gender and Society

An academic field examining how gender is connected with social structures, institutions, practices, and everyday experiences, while promoting awareness, critical thinking, and advocacy for gender equality.

CEDAW

An international treaty focused on eliminating discrimination against women, often referred to as the international bill of rights for women.

Beijing Platform for Action

A non-binding international framework with 12 critical areas of concern that emphasizes gender equality, women's empowerment, and the integration of gender perspectives.

1987 Philippine Constitution

The Supreme Law of the Land in the Philippines that recognizes the role of women in nation-building.

Republic Act No. 7192

A Philippine law focused on integrating women into development and nation-building efforts.

Republic Act No. 9710

A comprehensive Philippine law protecting women's rights and addressing discrimination against women in different areas of society.

CHED-GAD Policy

A policy associated with integrating gender and development perspectives into higher education institutions and the curriculum.

Sex

Classification based on biological and physical characteristics.

Gender

Socially and culturally shaped roles, expectations, and meanings.

Sexuality

A broad concept encompassing a person's sexual and romantic feelings, attractions, and behaviors.

Sexual Orientation

The pattern of sexual or romantic attraction determining who a person is attracted to.

Intersex

Variations in reproductive or sexual anatomy that do not fit typical definitions of female or male.

Primary Sex Characteristics

Biological features directly related to reproductive organs and reproduction, including ovaries, testes, uterus, prostate, fallopian tubes, and penis.

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Physical features that develop with sexual maturation but are not directly involved in reproduction, such as deepening of the voice and breast development.

Heterosexuality

Attraction toward people of the opposite sex.

Homosexuality

Attraction toward people of the same sex or gender.

Bisexuality

Attraction toward more than one gender, commonly described in introductory discussions as attraction to both males and females.

Pansexuality

Attraction that is not limited by another person's gender identity, regardless of whether a person is cisgender, transgender, or agender.

Asexuality

A sexual orientation characterized by little or no sexual attraction or lack of interest in sexual activity.

Reproductive Roles

Tasks or roles associated with a person's reproductive capacity.

Reproductive Responsibilities

Responsible decisions and actions related to reproduction and parenthood.

Gender Identity

An internal, personal sense of one's gender, such as identifying as a woman, man, non-binary, or agender.

Gender Expression

How a person presents gender outwardly through clothing, hairstyle, appearance, mannerisms, or behavior.

Gender Role

Socially learned roles, responsibilities, or behaviors associated with gender.

Gender Norm

Unwritten social expectations about how people should behave, dress, or present themselves based on gender.

Gender Stereotype

An oversimplified generalization about characteristics or behaviors based on perceived gender.

Gender Socialization

The process of learning gender-related behaviors, attitudes, roles, and expectations from society.

Transgender

An umbrella term for people whose gender identity does not align with their sex assigned at birth.

Non-Binary

A gender identity that does not fit exclusively within male or female categories.

Agender

A term describing a person who does not identify with any gender.

Gender-Based Violence (GBV)

Violence or harmful acts connected with gender and gender inequality, including child marriage, female genital mutilation, and human trafficking.

Gender or Sex Discrimination

Unfair treatment based on a person's sex or gender occurring in social institutions such as education, work, healthcare, family, and community settings.

Hyperfemininity

The exaggeration of stereotyped behavior believed to be feminine.

Biological Theory of Gender Development

A theory asserting that gender-related development is explained through biological factors such as genetics and inherited traits.

Social Learning Theory of Gender Development

A theory stating that children learn gender-related behavior through observation, imitation, rewards, punishment, and reinforcement.

Cognitive Development Theory of Gender Development

A theory proposing that children actively develop an understanding of gender as their thinking matures through cognitive stages.

Psychoanalytic Perspective (Sigmund Freud)

A perspective associating gender identity development with unconscious conflicts and early family relationships.

Interactionist Perspective (George Herbert Mead)

A perspective positing that self-concept and gender roles develop through social interaction and communication.

Lawrence Kohlberg

A psychologist associated with cognitive stages of gender understanding: gender labeling, gender stability, and gender consistency.

Gender Labeling

The first stage of gender understanding where a child can identify or label people as boy, girl, man, or woman.

Gender Stability

The second stage of gender understanding (typically between 3-5 years old) where a child understands that gender generally remains the same over time.

Gender Consistency / Constancy

The third stage of gender understanding (typically between 6-7 years old) where a child understands that gender remains the same across situations and despite changes in clothing, hairstyle, toys, or activities.