2M: Serving Bedpans and Urinals with Perineal Care

BEDPAN

Portable bowl used to collect urine or feces from a bedridden patient.

BEDSIDE COMMODE

Movable toilet chair with a removable basin for patients who cannot easily walk to the bathroom.

EDEMA

Swelling caused by excess fluid buildup in tissues.

MICTURITION

The medical term for urination; emptying urine from the bladder.

PERINEUM

Area between the external genitalia and anus.

PERINEAL CARE

Cleansing of the external genitalia and perineal area to promote hygiene and prevent infection.

PERINEAL FLUSHING

Pouring or spraying warm water/solution over the perineal area to cleanse it.

PUERPERIUM

About 6-week period after childbirth when the reproductive organs return toward their non-pregnant state.

SMEGMA

Whitish secretion made of dead skin cells, oils, and moisture that can accumulate around genital folds.

URINAL

Portable container used to collect urine, especially for bedridden patients.

URINARY RETENTION

Inability to completely empty the bladder.

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Produces sperm, produces male sex hormones, and delivers sperm for fertilization.

PENIS

External male reproductive organ that also serves as a passageway for urine.

ROOT OF PENIS

Part attached to the perineum.

SHAFT

Cylindrical main body of the penis.

GLANS

Enlarged tip of the penis.

PREPUCE/FORESKIN

Fold of skin covering the glans.

CORPORA CAVERNOSA

Two main columns of erectile tissue in the penis.

CORPUS SPONGIOSUM

Erectile tissue surrounding the urethra; helps prevent urethral compression.

SCROTUM

Sac that contains the testes, epididymis, and spermatic cord.

CREMASTER MUSCLE

Raises the testes toward the body, especially in cold conditions.

DARTOS MUSCLE

Wrinkles the scrotal skin to help control temperature.

TESTES

Male gonads that produce sperm and testosterone.

TUNICA ALBUGINEA

Dense fibrous covering of the testes.

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

Site where sperm are produced.

EPIDIDYMIS

Coiled tube where sperm mature and are stored.

VAS DEFERENS

Tube that transports sperm from the epididymis toward the ejaculatory duct.

EJACULATORY DUCT

Duct formed by the vas deferens and seminal vesicle duct; opens into the prostatic urethra.

URETHRA

Tube that carries urine and, in males, semen out of the body.

PROSTATIC URETHRA

Part of the urethra passing through the prostate.

MEMBRANOUS URETHRA

Shortest portion of the male urethra.

SPONGY/PENILE URETHRA

Longest part of the male urethra; runs through the corpus spongiosum.

SEMINAL VESICLES

Glands that produce fructose-rich fluid and about 60% of semen.

PROSTATE GLAND

Gland producing milky fluid that contributes about 30% of semen.

BULBOURETHRAL/COWPER'S GLANDS

Produce alkaline pre-ejaculatory fluid that lubricates and helps neutralize urethral acidity.

SPERMATIC CORD

Structure containing the vas deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics connecting the testis to the body.

SEMEN

Fluid containing sperm cells and secretions from male reproductive glands.

SPERMATOZOA

Male reproductive cells that carry DNA for fertilization.

SEMINAL FLUID

Fluid from accessory glands that supports and transports sperm.

HPG AXIS

Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal system that regulates male reproductive hormones.

GnRH

Hormone from the hypothalamus that stimulates the pituitary to release LH and FSH.

LH

Pituitary hormone that stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone.

FSH

Pituitary hormone that stimulates Sertoli cells and supports sperm production.

TESTOSTERONE

Hormone produced by Leydig cells that supports sperm production and male secondary sex characteristics.

INHIBIN

Hormone from Sertoli cells that decreases FSH when sperm production is sufficient.

LEYDIG CELLS

Testicular cells that produce testosterone.

SERTOLI CELLS

Cells that support sperm development and produce inhibin.

SPERMARCHE

Beginning of sperm production and first ejaculation.

PUBERTY IN MALES

Period when male reproductive and physical characteristics mature.

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Produces ova, secretes reproductive hormones, and supports pregnancy and offspring development.

VULVA

Collective name for the external female genitalia.

MONS PUBIS

Fatty rounded area over the pubic symphysis.

LABIA MAJORA

Outer folds of tissue that protect the vaginal vestibule.

LABIA MINORA

Inner hairless folds that protect the vaginal and urethral openings.

PREPUCE OF CLITORIS

Fold of skin covering and protecting the clitoris.

CLITORIS

Highly sensitive erectile organ with many sensory nerve endings.

VESTIBULE

Space between the labia minora containing the urethral and vaginal openings.

GREATER VESTIBULAR/BARTHOLIN GLANDS

Glands that produce mucus for lubrication.

LESSER VESTIBULAR GLANDS

Small glands that contribute mucus for lubrication.

EXTERNAL URETHRAL OPENING

Opening where urine leaves the body.

HYMEN

Thin fold of mucous membrane that may partially surround the vaginal opening.

OVARIES

Female gonads that produce ova and reproductive hormones.

UTERUS

Hollow muscular organ where implantation and fetal development occur.

FUNDUS

Upper portion of the uterus.

CERVIX

Lower narrow portion of the uterus that opens into the vagina.

PERIMETRIUM

Outer protective layer of the uterus.

MYOMETRIUM

Muscular middle layer responsible for uterine contractions.

ENDOMETRIUM

Inner uterine lining where implantation occurs and menstrual shedding happens.

FALLOPIAN TUBES

Tubes that transport the oocyte toward the uterus.

INFUNDIBULUM

Funnel-shaped part of the fallopian tube that receives the oocyte.

FIMBRIAE

Finger-like projections that sweep the ovulated oocyte into the fallopian tube.

AMPULLA

Most common site of fertilization.

ISTHMUS

Narrow part of the fallopian tube connecting toward the uterus.

VAGINA

Passageway for menstrual flow, intercourse, and childbirth.

OOGENESIS

Process of producing female gametes; begins before birth.

OOGONIA

Early female germ cells that multiply by mitosis and develop into primary oocytes.

PRIMARY OOCYTE

Immature egg cell that begins meiosis I and remains arrested in prophase I until puberty.

SECONDARY OOCYTE

Cell produced after meiosis I; ovulated and arrested in metaphase II.

FIRST POLAR BODY

Small cell produced with the secondary oocyte after meiosis I.

SECOND POLAR BODY

Small cell produced when meiosis II is completed.

MATURE OVUM

Female gamete produced when the secondary oocyte completes meiosis II.

FERTILIZATION

Fusion of sperm and egg genetic material to form a zygote.

ACROSOME REACTION

Process that allows sperm to penetrate the egg's protective layers.

BLOCK TO POLYSPERMY

Mechanism that prevents additional sperm from entering the egg.

PRONUCLEI

Male and female genetic nuclei that fuse during fertilization.

ZYGOTE

Fertilized egg formed after the sperm and egg genetic material combine.

CLEAVAGE

Early mitotic cell divisions of the zygote.

MAMMARY GLANDS

Specialized breast glands that produce milk.

LOBE

Larger division of the mammary gland containing lobules.

LOBULE

Smaller division containing milk-producing alveoli.

ALVEOLI

Small sacs where milk is produced.

LACTIFEROUS DUCTS

Ducts that carry milk toward the nipple.

NIPPLE

Raised structure where lactiferous ducts open.

AREOLA

Darker area surrounding the nipple that helps protect and lubricate it.

GREATER/FALSE PELVIS

Upper, larger portion of the pelvis that supports abdominal organs.

LESSER/TRUE PELVIS

Lower portion containing pelvic organs and forming the birth canal.

MENARCHE

First menstrual bleeding.

PUBERTY IN FEMALES

Period when female reproductive and physical characteristics mature.

PERINEUM ANTERIOR BORDER

Pubic symphysis.

PERINEUM POSTERIOR BORDER

Tip of the coccyx.